tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-88009509753123325622024-03-13T19:14:29.049-07:00annasig gaogkortin 1223Maryamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04307942900246346735noreply@blogger.comBlogger23125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8800950975312332562.post-79577604181792136072022-10-11T08:46:00.000-07:002023-12-10T16:21:08.865-08:00The 95th Birthday of Sylviane Muselier, Half-Sister of Queen Geraldine of Albania<table class="tr-caption-container" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiFQtSB49akbYmfTfivvVhm7e9TKp8SDFNx6YarvijA0mPFtmvD53ZfVQRrulK8KgFE9Ig_RG_YgOp-ldFh_8sf8fL9Tu4XdXN9_vwDoOD5SSTMv_IJh6XY9yRleiQ9D-mjNeAPly53Ruvdy_VsanXssIXiE5ta232zVw3JIj--WAU6gVI-Un_8F-r/s600/tezja-e-lekes.jpg"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiFQtSB49akbYmfTfivvVhm7e9TKp8SDFNx6YarvijA0mPFtmvD53ZfVQRrulK8KgFE9Ig_RG_YgOp-ldFh_8sf8fL9Tu4XdXN9_vwDoOD5SSTMv_IJh6XY9yRleiQ9D-mjNeAPly53Ruvdy_VsanXssIXiE5ta232zVw3JIj--WAU6gVI-Un_8F-r/w426-h640/tezja-e-lekes.jpg" alt="" width="426" height="640" border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="400"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tr-caption">Sylviane in front of portraits of her sister Queen Geraldine and her brother-in-law King Zog.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Today, Sylviane Girault Muselier turns ninety-five!</p>
<table class="tr-caption-container" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-0Y74SVavSbU/X8lyf0_AMQI/AAAAAAAAE4E/pYq4GF-TsSoFsGf1562UiN2rGUhwUllrgCLcBGAsYHQ/s528/Screen%2BShot%2B2020-12-03%2Bat%2B6.18.37%2BPM.png"><img src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-0Y74SVavSbU/X8lyf0_AMQI/AAAAAAAAE4E/pYq4GF-TsSoFsGf1562UiN2rGUhwUllrgCLcBGAsYHQ/w275-h400/Screen%2BShot%2B2020-12-03%2Bat%2B6.18.37%2BPM.png" alt="" width="275" height="400" border="0" data-original-height="528" data-original-width="363"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tr-caption">Gladys Virginia Stewart.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Born on 3 August 1927 at Mehun-sur-Yèvre, Centre-Val de Loire, Sylviane Girault was the eldest child of and Gontran Girault (1882-1964) and Gladys Virginia Stewart (1891–1947), who wed in 1926. Sylviane was joined by two younger siblings: Guy Girault (b.1930) and Patricia Girault (b.1932). Sylviane's mother Gladys had previously been married in 1914 to Count Gyula Apponyi de Nagy-Appony (1873–1924). From this marriage, Sylviane had three older siblings: Countess Geraldine (1915-2002; married King Zog I of the Albanians), Countess Virginia (1916-2002; married 1st András Baghy; married 2nd Joseph Blackburn; married 3rd József Máriássy), and Count Gyula (1923-1946).</p>
<table class="tr-caption-container" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQgrSzZNfu3eTeS10K8Pr-RHYB3c-GPTmevWgBX0Nrx6WKQalXGAKFYBmhWm5d4Ffg3vGo3w-j0YuFY11IA85LXWATdQDQ3LBo1OGI-JqJCy8Vap1XwLS1SggbpW8DWJ8Hb-39b7-4Dlu9RwfrIF0HKAEUTF8GI9I_vWEEnfAeN9La8Xr9XsgtFufM/s875/Screen%20Shot%202022-07-24%20at%207.46.33%20PM.png"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQgrSzZNfu3eTeS10K8Pr-RHYB3c-GPTmevWgBX0Nrx6WKQalXGAKFYBmhWm5d4Ffg3vGo3w-j0YuFY11IA85LXWATdQDQ3LBo1OGI-JqJCy8Vap1XwLS1SggbpW8DWJ8Hb-39b7-4Dlu9RwfrIF0HKAEUTF8GI9I_vWEEnfAeN9La8Xr9XsgtFufM/w640-h450/Screen%20Shot%202022-07-24%20at%207.46.33%20PM.png" alt="" width="640" height="450" border="0" data-original-height="614" data-original-width="875"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tr-caption">The family at Marseilles in 1955.<br>(left to right) Sylviane, Queen Geraldine, Gontran Gilrault, Princess Senije, and Crown Prince Leka.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>On 18 December 1955, Sylviane Girault married Maurice Muselier (1907-1989), the son of Admiral <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89mile_Muselier">Émile Muselier</a>, who fought against the Nazi invasion of France. The couple had two children: Corinne Muselier (married 1st Bernard Serour; married 2nd Roger Tréger) and French doctor and politician <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaud_Muselier">Renaud Muselier</a> (b.1959; married Stéphanie Clément). </p>
<table class="tr-caption-container" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNr3tQ-9BEXw4qdQFmc8bEXudy3D1jETnrlZltUAqRb5gNvRybRef9psYV5Zr4ilJYsV1_uyjOpFBW_WYh4D1pNjsLaK1AU9b8vz07FUPn3q43CLaOnf3zaNmBEqRh8s8E2_oAiB9fcWct5LiJGSnH21eaWN1tzC34ztGICHbWxGffzAdZ_BUqPSjU/s995/Screen%20Shot%202022-07-24%20at%207.33.17%20PM.png"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNr3tQ-9BEXw4qdQFmc8bEXudy3D1jETnrlZltUAqRb5gNvRybRef9psYV5Zr4ilJYsV1_uyjOpFBW_WYh4D1pNjsLaK1AU9b8vz07FUPn3q43CLaOnf3zaNmBEqRh8s8E2_oAiB9fcWct5LiJGSnH21eaWN1tzC34ztGICHbWxGffzAdZ_BUqPSjU/w640-h456/Screen%20Shot%202022-07-24%20at%207.33.17%20PM.png" alt="" width="640" height="456" border="0" data-original-height="709" data-original-width="995"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tr-caption">Sylviane with her son Renaud and other family attend the royal wedding.<br>Photo (c) Seth B. Leonard.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>In October 2016 in Tirana, Sylviane Muselier attended the wedding of her great-nephew Crown Prince Leka of Albania to Elia Zaharia. Seventy-eight years earlier, Sylviane was present for the wedding of Leka's grandparents, King Zog of Albania and Countess Geraldine Apponyi de Nagy-Appony. At the time of her half-sister's wedding in 1938, Sylviane was just ten years-old.</p>
<div><br>
<table class="tr-caption-container" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWJOjhwF8F9XEsogS2B0bqeB3RpZbjI7aE2LvAn8bElXZLK3_8gpvi-xzcu8d0Ircj8M9NFBBHy2oySpNr7QQPkIS8X-uP9LwDurRHDholoUbd8_0EobyIGolOGY6s26dbYI2cAwTxyAVntgO2ZnkvR5eoN-AMaX8_FMl6zzCk1luQznWWzvZ2Fyvs/s280/24775193_1600919056621028_4562397050674560005_n.jpg"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWJOjhwF8F9XEsogS2B0bqeB3RpZbjI7aE2LvAn8bElXZLK3_8gpvi-xzcu8d0Ircj8M9NFBBHy2oySpNr7QQPkIS8X-uP9LwDurRHDholoUbd8_0EobyIGolOGY6s26dbYI2cAwTxyAVntgO2ZnkvR5eoN-AMaX8_FMl6zzCk1luQznWWzvZ2Fyvs/s1600/24775193_1600919056621028_4562397050674560005_n.jpg" alt="" width="280" height="280" border="0" data-original-height="280" data-original-width="280"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tr-caption">Sylviane Muselier and President Ilir Meta, 2017.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>In 2017, the President of Albania awarded the Mother Teresa Medal to Sylviane Muselier. The award was given to Madame Muselier "<em>as a testament of deep gratitude for her remarkable contributions, over many years, in four of sick children and Albanian families in need, for her concern and for her humanitarian and medical support as well as in recognition of the her promotion of the values and image of Albania and Albanians in France.</em>"</p>
<table class="tr-caption-container" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtN7nfgkAAJCpaWPL9ixYhKa-qsuQpEn4dBOwrK2LKt7FCQ6xDpLHnAg4t9dNg7mIshFDc3yDkRoaloTpFJb2YikO3qdObN6aYwi00ZJpVlDOjl1nTV0vHJCV2qgH9VSpcvHzGWaz9OF-mMzBfmOBzBlDlzrUeX1xgwfLRr5xa2dr5SnIF051wT4M6/s640/D5iVYweXkAMJR0q.jpeg"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtN7nfgkAAJCpaWPL9ixYhKa-qsuQpEn4dBOwrK2LKt7FCQ6xDpLHnAg4t9dNg7mIshFDc3yDkRoaloTpFJb2YikO3qdObN6aYwi00ZJpVlDOjl1nTV0vHJCV2qgH9VSpcvHzGWaz9OF-mMzBfmOBzBlDlzrUeX1xgwfLRr5xa2dr5SnIF051wT4M6/w640-h360/D5iVYweXkAMJR0q.jpeg" alt="" width="640" height="360" border="0" data-original-height="360" data-original-width="640"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tr-caption">Sylviane with her great-nephew Crown Prince Leka and his wife Crown Princess Elia in 2019.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><strong><em>Our best wishes to Madame Muselier on her birthday!</em></strong></p>
</div>
<p><a title="Euro History Journal" href="https://eurohistoryjournal.blogspot.com" target="_blank"><img src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-0OMUjV7ocn4/XQ2qb8hlzQI/AAAAAAAABGw/mMSC1KS8Yl02jzUWLENzZeAYQ8rOkfkwQCK4BGAYYCw/s850/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-04-22%2Bat%2B11.47.40%2BAM-2.png" alt="Euro History Journal" width="413" height="100"></a></p>Maryamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04307942900246346735noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8800950975312332562.post-52420768002112764892022-10-10T10:46:00.000-07:002023-12-12T03:58:26.525-08:00The Wedding of Hereditary Prince Pál-Antal Esterházy von Galántha & Franziska von Reutter<div class="separator"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhq3QfViC7Shp4MFDj5rDnSZJmwOHY-lobvXtMvFkdc_zN7RkByKD4ugrXhPptafT6dtCyXZ8u3DfZiHRUYgXs4jqtd9GK9b6exKOUbqwWVB79kn4mNU4S-yfUqPG0vs1WqC85DMn18zM9ewfV2dZ9hxdX1lK6wuczzcpC0Vj9q1Ba0nbA_8PDNxfFk/s598/IMG_6187.JPG"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhq3QfViC7Shp4MFDj5rDnSZJmwOHY-lobvXtMvFkdc_zN7RkByKD4ugrXhPptafT6dtCyXZ8u3DfZiHRUYgXs4jqtd9GK9b6exKOUbqwWVB79kn4mNU4S-yfUqPG0vs1WqC85DMn18zM9ewfV2dZ9hxdX1lK6wuczzcpC0Vj9q1Ba0nbA_8PDNxfFk/s320/IMG_6187.JPG" alt="" width="294" height="320" border="0" data-original-height="598" data-original-width="549"></a></div>
<p>On Saturday, 30 July 2022, Hereditary Prince Pál-Antal Esterházy von Galántha and Franziska von Reutter celebrated their religious marriage. </p>
<p>Born in 1986, Hereditary Prince Pál-Antal Esterházy von Galántha is the only child of Fürst Anton Esterházy von Galántha (b.1936) and Ursula Koenig (b.1941). Born in 1989, Franziska von Reutter is the daughter of Georg von Reutter (b.1954) and Joanna Doubleday (b.1954). Hereditary Princess Franziska Esterházy von Galántha is a descendant of Archduke Johann of Austria and Anna Maria Josephine Plochl (created Countess von Meran).</p>
<p><strong><em>Our congratulations to the couple on their special day!</em></strong></p>
<p><a title="Euro History Journal" href="https://eurohistoryjournal.blogspot.com" target="_blank"><img src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-0OMUjV7ocn4/XQ2qb8hlzQI/AAAAAAAABGw/mMSC1KS8Yl02jzUWLENzZeAYQ8rOkfkwQCK4BGAYYCw/s850/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-04-22%2Bat%2B11.47.40%2BAM-2.png" alt="Euro History Journal" width="413" height="100"></a></p>Maryamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04307942900246346735noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8800950975312332562.post-81333947919417148112022-10-09T05:46:00.000-07:002023-12-13T03:50:26.558-08:00 The Sapphire Wedding of Count Karl Eugen von Neipperg and Archduchess Andrea of Austria<div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-1762302361736281609" itemprop="description articleBody" style=""> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzdX-C6qBYVgyerFHZP5dZSeXg0NundeNSOnAQe3rm_0PDFnZDgiZZaAs-pFU2ZNMiRCi7hxvlYOgNsQRw2OA8YSY0kBRi7vDXqcsVuxbNqKPTFIJ-bEh9_kyE-jCwaSbdzaJ9C0rIA-vulPfw3AKBqu670gSzSYqhEOIP9OkH7L6-wTYcU3V6bALk/s4032/IMG_6051.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img data-original-height="4032" data-original-width="3024" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzdX-C6qBYVgyerFHZP5dZSeXg0NundeNSOnAQe3rm_0PDFnZDgiZZaAs-pFU2ZNMiRCi7hxvlYOgNsQRw2OA8YSY0kBRi7vDXqcsVuxbNqKPTFIJ-bEh9_kyE-jCwaSbdzaJ9C0rIA-vulPfw3AKBqu670gSzSYqhEOIP9OkH7L6-wTYcU3V6bALk/w480-h640/IMG_6051.jpg" style="" width="480" border="0" height="640"></a></div><p>Today, Count Karl Eugen von Neipperg and Archduchess Andrea of Austria celebrate forty-five years of marriage!</p><table class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMF4oa-OWb1Vazcd6uvkNbewKPLuUTkJT6purLm9vIuuL6pDH06kjrgpHIOYRRJwmvF_FriuDM8K1Pnv6URQbIkYgDX6_GGPXzJ-j8GTNrRCwEg4ReL97cH5fxzPmBMn-HtEawYFwlM_ukib6e26t6G_WyTn1yO8PLaFPZ90vHdSSjOQ50_DI96THF/s4032/IMG_6053.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img data-original-height="2835" data-original-width="4032" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMF4oa-OWb1Vazcd6uvkNbewKPLuUTkJT6purLm9vIuuL6pDH06kjrgpHIOYRRJwmvF_FriuDM8K1Pnv6URQbIkYgDX6_GGPXzJ-j8GTNrRCwEg4ReL97cH5fxzPmBMn-HtEawYFwlM_ukib6e26t6G_WyTn1yO8PLaFPZ90vHdSSjOQ50_DI96THF/w640-h450/IMG_6053.jpg" width="640" border="0" height="450"></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Villa Austria, home of Archduke Otto and Archduchess Regina.</td></tr></tbody></table><p>On 30 July 1977 at Pöcking, Archduchess Andrea of Austria religiously married Count Karl Eugen von Neipperg. Their civil wedding took place on 9 July. The couple met in 1976 at a ball in Munich. </p><table class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIGXAY7UzaAt1ItXklo-Qx7Zi4WynZgJfA4VegWti3SOJMGacHft5e9_PCNsPAqLGc4c3uUh0MgZtbnNd6TOS08MogKU2F_SYmKhcJ7wEYSnDljRIvSnqdtQubetGKkRBmHwk2g17fj3e9WaYL0erS3s1OBsunzCEy0cokOa4CIc2FQZrAWOTGwO_t/s4032/IMG_6099.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIGXAY7UzaAt1ItXklo-Qx7Zi4WynZgJfA4VegWti3SOJMGacHft5e9_PCNsPAqLGc4c3uUh0MgZtbnNd6TOS08MogKU2F_SYmKhcJ7wEYSnDljRIvSnqdtQubetGKkRBmHwk2g17fj3e9WaYL0erS3s1OBsunzCEy0cokOa4CIc2FQZrAWOTGwO_t/w640-h480/IMG_6099.jpg" width="640" border="0" height="480"></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Andrea and Karl Eugen.</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Born at Schwaigern on 20 October 1951, Count Maria <i>Karl Eugen</i> Johannes Nepomuk Erwin Michael von Neipperg was the eldest child of Count Josef Hubert von Neipperg (1918-2020) and his first wife Countess Maria von Ledebur-Wicheln (1920-1984). Karl Eugen studied at the Economic Institute of Nürtingen. He received his degree as an agricultural engineer. Following his formal education, the count worked on his family's property holdings (agricultural lands and forests). </p><table class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpvbHodZHbkmTjxXgry1q94kedyYiFD8vyvw5MjgIV77Y8wnDX75UkXwx_NuT0P2mv3JXtJTMEm_a1P2mrRhpDxIlxD-nAoINkUPy5U7_4E702cP2KkI5z9mlMIufOEH7cmZOIVrt2zrxPZjTT_U9Ulvqu8iQIxn2NMj-_Ni6IfdzGrwc2higDZSwv/s3618/IMG_6098.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img data-original-height="2692" data-original-width="3618" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpvbHodZHbkmTjxXgry1q94kedyYiFD8vyvw5MjgIV77Y8wnDX75UkXwx_NuT0P2mv3JXtJTMEm_a1P2mrRhpDxIlxD-nAoINkUPy5U7_4E702cP2KkI5z9mlMIufOEH7cmZOIVrt2zrxPZjTT_U9Ulvqu8iQIxn2NMj-_Ni6IfdzGrwc2higDZSwv/w640-h476/IMG_6098.jpg" width="640" border="0" height="476"></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Archduchess Andrea kisses the hand of her grandmother Empress Zita.</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Born at Würzburg on 30 May 1953, Archduchess Andrea Maria of Austria was the eldest child of Archduke Otto of Austria, Crown Prince of Hungary (1912-2011) and Archduchess Regina (1925-2010; née Princess of Saxe-Meiningen), who wed in 1951. Andrea received her early education at the primary school in Pöcking. The archduchess enrolled at the University of Innsbruck, where she perfected her knowledge of English and Spanish. </p><table class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6IlRLw_cHVJhQnG38HmRI0awlAWXkINeGzBas4Mo-v5tdDmnycvgWowf-cXiJMUdmP7ZMsc8Lk9mEBWwiTFxT90f2xQjUcNptr_Nl-C518L2TaE91DY3K5ZDGQwioY_hR2EIq0U8lc0R3uyjxNpy01go1kdKB5KVogMshUiRgINa-eJDH0nIGaZat/s3249/IMG_6059.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img data-original-height="2236" data-original-width="3249" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6IlRLw_cHVJhQnG38HmRI0awlAWXkINeGzBas4Mo-v5tdDmnycvgWowf-cXiJMUdmP7ZMsc8Lk9mEBWwiTFxT90f2xQjUcNptr_Nl-C518L2TaE91DY3K5ZDGQwioY_hR2EIq0U8lc0R3uyjxNpy01go1kdKB5KVogMshUiRgINa-eJDH0nIGaZat/w640-h440/IMG_6059.jpg" width="640" border="0" height="440"></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Austrian (with the exception of Archduke Georg) and Neipperg siblings.</td></tr></tbody></table><table class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9dGRFHVEebk1gJ-aIjOIeB8qj8mTy9YX4AfPbRLwW2Rn8dHim3N5DKowIw9SD43PpTUmQTmc_NKoKmpiPb1dg9eACJsTGTZjU2zv9rfbW_wfGYuFC5DU0SmjpLhv3bph_iY57yimH8fLUSOaxzU3-YK4G6RypYGIMrf4-qer2SDt_nnTB1OSp8BdN/s4032/IMG_6093.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img data-original-height="4032" data-original-width="3024" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9dGRFHVEebk1gJ-aIjOIeB8qj8mTy9YX4AfPbRLwW2Rn8dHim3N5DKowIw9SD43PpTUmQTmc_NKoKmpiPb1dg9eACJsTGTZjU2zv9rfbW_wfGYuFC5DU0SmjpLhv3bph_iY57yimH8fLUSOaxzU3-YK4G6RypYGIMrf4-qer2SDt_nnTB1OSp8BdN/w480-h640/IMG_6093.jpg" width="480" border="0" height="640"></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Empress Zita with four of her sons. Archduke Otto sits next to her. Behind them are Archduke Carl Ludwig, Archduke Robert, and Archduke Rudolph.</td></tr></tbody></table><table class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitAkNy4yVyVuaohuBGZd-WDnQRhRzIEaL3emLY2CjgrRnfsqtQ4uHoDUpM60h8323X_g0Yv2hBO87CY_FmCYAfHFJ4gjX4dP9ebBAFtJ_brLh5u-zOkI7E8Q6rAYh5rcCYjb6ZsLCleU35PpOX7T8n23TZEc7FpOV04fr_thLFhyOx5_G1EUHeav1i/s4032/IMG_6095.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img data-original-height="2865" data-original-width="4032" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitAkNy4yVyVuaohuBGZd-WDnQRhRzIEaL3emLY2CjgrRnfsqtQ4uHoDUpM60h8323X_g0Yv2hBO87CY_FmCYAfHFJ4gjX4dP9ebBAFtJ_brLh5u-zOkI7E8Q6rAYh5rcCYjb6ZsLCleU35PpOX7T8n23TZEc7FpOV04fr_thLFhyOx5_G1EUHeav1i/w640-h454/IMG_6095.jpg" width="640" border="0" height="454"></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">(left to right) Princess Klara-Maria of Saxe-Meiningen, Archduchess Regina, Archduchess Andrea, Count Karl Eugen, Empress Zita, and Count Degenfeld.</td></tr></tbody></table><table class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhAp9QmN5BGQmeNRKIjfMpX2umkKdj4RMeA_RHPYgwSHevtvrvfsOtWmY7-Yvdvx4q8tAM05ix_GQQkJpIeKSWRcIsuP4tcEFIfnQkgji97s4hNiSJ9Vyo5ga0oZcFDSc6u8R05_NI1J_4uDDTfgwZhRg3-ZAsCnsGZbSzHAIQbZ4SUuIYFaU5CYmk/s4032/IMG_6096.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img data-original-height="4032" data-original-width="2947" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhAp9QmN5BGQmeNRKIjfMpX2umkKdj4RMeA_RHPYgwSHevtvrvfsOtWmY7-Yvdvx4q8tAM05ix_GQQkJpIeKSWRcIsuP4tcEFIfnQkgji97s4hNiSJ9Vyo5ga0oZcFDSc6u8R05_NI1J_4uDDTfgwZhRg3-ZAsCnsGZbSzHAIQbZ4SUuIYFaU5CYmk/w468-h640/IMG_6096.jpg" width="468" border="0" height="640"></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Andrea and Karl Eugen dance the night away.</td></tr></tbody></table><p>On 29 July at the Golfhotel Kaiserin Elisabeth in Feldafing, an intimate dinner was hosted by Archduke Otto and Archduchess Regina for their daughter and her betrothed as well as one hundred guests. Dancing followed the dinner. </p><table class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdnzQ86UcCCNO3QwaE754UC5O6yL-JxCB3vPKWUR6uCOrjCRZKQLx9xj8JlwuxpPkcIgwBQOvH6DOmoWQiOmO4KnkqNxo6Fu6Nl2qqktSNxiZtE2IOn8nqQvzjiw4B1YvbYA--DaV9ZPZOaL0MOQwXYjKJ53dPz-lCrYArwwkZ_9Zfy1VqACmZmhrl/s4032/IMG_6054.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img data-original-height="4032" data-original-width="3024" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdnzQ86UcCCNO3QwaE754UC5O6yL-JxCB3vPKWUR6uCOrjCRZKQLx9xj8JlwuxpPkcIgwBQOvH6DOmoWQiOmO4KnkqNxo6Fu6Nl2qqktSNxiZtE2IOn8nqQvzjiw4B1YvbYA--DaV9ZPZOaL0MOQwXYjKJ53dPz-lCrYArwwkZ_9Zfy1VqACmZmhrl/w480-h640/IMG_6054.jpg" width="480" border="0" height="640"></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The religious wedding of Andrea and Karl Eugen.</td></tr></tbody></table>On her wedding day, Archduchess Andrea wore a white satin dress, created by a Pöcking designer, with a headdress of flowers. On her gown, the archduchess had pinned the Order of the Starry Cross, of which she is a member. Bishop Bruno Wechner of Feldkirk officiated over the religious wedding, assisted by Father Mathias Defregger. After the benediction, the Bishop Wechner read a telegraph addressed to the newlyweds from Pope Paul VI. The witnesses for Archduchess Andrea were Archduke Lorenz of Austria and Count Degenfeld; for Count Karl Eugen, the witnesses were Count Reinhard von Neipperg and Fürst Nicholas Leopold zu Salm-Salm. <div>
<table class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHVXKbymbE3KtJYEaFE2wIcTS-0yqhXz4MZ4U2eBFDCWxs_lABj-6XVlFT53hiMU6rHciMo44myLHHHhRP4ZIQOwJGcmG5udLg8d_gOuWnJBnD1Xzs18hFd8uy5lwIjjgYnRf6p8dZckGFdiBvyCapxKRbUi1VmqmxG7LkZiw96bb5PiayoH4YVa3j/s2383/IMG_6056.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img data-original-height="1736" data-original-width="2383" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHVXKbymbE3KtJYEaFE2wIcTS-0yqhXz4MZ4U2eBFDCWxs_lABj-6XVlFT53hiMU6rHciMo44myLHHHhRP4ZIQOwJGcmG5udLg8d_gOuWnJBnD1Xzs18hFd8uy5lwIjjgYnRf6p8dZckGFdiBvyCapxKRbUi1VmqmxG7LkZiw96bb5PiayoH4YVa3j/w640-h466/IMG_6056.jpg" width="640" border="0" height="466"></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Archduke Otto of Austria and Countess Marie von Neipperg followed by Archduchess Regina of Austria and Count Josef Hubert von Neipperg.</td></tr></tbody></table><table class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicpF_BW1Ue1P0ehsxwROEt6pLpjvg6Sot0ED9gSG7qyGPtLfU569EyZ28v2siYga40GvixAAc_cjEdsZEMqaCdyY_FSvSmD9cshNsp3DNzCU0euYdvRiQ9MOG8E9CkXympsIZhw5a_tReR15f3PNqM8cvDGYNveNtmpDD-b9zYLTVwsSznEDkeoQyX/s2726/IMG_6057.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img data-original-height="1903" data-original-width="2726" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicpF_BW1Ue1P0ehsxwROEt6pLpjvg6Sot0ED9gSG7qyGPtLfU569EyZ28v2siYga40GvixAAc_cjEdsZEMqaCdyY_FSvSmD9cshNsp3DNzCU0euYdvRiQ9MOG8E9CkXympsIZhw5a_tReR15f3PNqM8cvDGYNveNtmpDD-b9zYLTVwsSznEDkeoQyX/w640-h446/IMG_6057.jpg" width="640" border="0" height="446"></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Duchess Charlotte of Mecklenburg and Fürst Franz Joseph II of Liechtenstein followed by Countess Franziska von Waldburg-Wolfegg-Waldsee and Archduke Rudolph of Austria.</td></tr></tbody></table><table class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ4th6uKga97rTSUwsxflG9Pykfz2cm8yVUqXTb4X7_fJU88NHgQHoriH4WeM-9zItUTiHtqAl1rCDs6QYATSCoHOHBsc6MR2unRpJyIvwfv8B7hWah5FBcKUBaaqVKQa6fhsBkfG7yFfEx2ym2QJvqGJH8NPqb191wGUE7ZhcpXsg2ToVGng4PUpP/s3180/IMG_6058.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img data-original-height="2136" data-original-width="3180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ4th6uKga97rTSUwsxflG9Pykfz2cm8yVUqXTb4X7_fJU88NHgQHoriH4WeM-9zItUTiHtqAl1rCDs6QYATSCoHOHBsc6MR2unRpJyIvwfv8B7hWah5FBcKUBaaqVKQa6fhsBkfG7yFfEx2ym2QJvqGJH8NPqb191wGUE7ZhcpXsg2ToVGng4PUpP/w640-h430/IMG_6058.jpg" width="640" border="0" height="430"></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Prince Ernst August of Hannover and Fürstin Georgina of Liechtenstein followed by Countess Elisabeth Hunyady and Archduke Ferdinand of Austria. </td></tr></tbody></table><p>Two hundred guests attended the Austrian imperial wedding. Among the attendees were Fürst Franz Joseph and Fürstin Georgina of Liechtenstein, Prince Ernst August of Hannover, Duchess Charlotte of Mecklenburg, and the Margrave of Meissen.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhw0NxVBroxzkvW4UDLG89GWKKKoyBCH5JTJ4GONkYI6FzHXwP6peec2Q-IoaA4ZLgTPbMQ-j5SRADwjSpcUMB0hOAuZKhLkh7PK6ZJC1XSYn0b_tSkVmcveW_6YnSdgO2WmTnxum_T5mU7MQtdOJC-e_4cxq-yguDI3IBXTuyzT_YB-_ctOVYaaMR_/s3595/IMG_6101.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img data-original-height="3595" data-original-width="2560" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhw0NxVBroxzkvW4UDLG89GWKKKoyBCH5JTJ4GONkYI6FzHXwP6peec2Q-IoaA4ZLgTPbMQ-j5SRADwjSpcUMB0hOAuZKhLkh7PK6ZJC1XSYn0b_tSkVmcveW_6YnSdgO2WmTnxum_T5mU7MQtdOJC-e_4cxq-yguDI3IBXTuyzT_YB-_ctOVYaaMR_/w456-h640/IMG_6101.jpg" width="456" border="0" height="640"></a></div><p><i><b>Our best wishes to Karl Eugen and Andrea on their anniversary!</b></i></p></div> <div style="clear: both;"></div> </div>
<p><a title="Euro History Journal" href="https://eurohistoryjournal.blogspot.com" target="_blank"><img src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-0OMUjV7ocn4/XQ2qb8hlzQI/AAAAAAAABGw/mMSC1KS8Yl02jzUWLENzZeAYQ8rOkfkwQCK4BGAYYCw/s850/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-04-22%2Bat%2B11.47.40%2BAM-2.png" alt="Euro History Journal" width="413" height="100"></a></p>Maryamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04307942900246346735noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8800950975312332562.post-84034840216267341542022-10-08T00:46:00.000-07:002023-12-13T03:41:00.117-08:00The Sapphire Wedding of Count Karl Eugen von Neipperg and Archduchess Andrea of Austria<div class="separator"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzdX-C6qBYVgyerFHZP5dZSeXg0NundeNSOnAQe3rm_0PDFnZDgiZZaAs-pFU2ZNMiRCi7hxvlYOgNsQRw2OA8YSY0kBRi7vDXqcsVuxbNqKPTFIJ-bEh9_kyE-jCwaSbdzaJ9C0rIA-vulPfw3AKBqu670gSzSYqhEOIP9OkH7L6-wTYcU3V6bALk/s4032/IMG_6051.jpg"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzdX-C6qBYVgyerFHZP5dZSeXg0NundeNSOnAQe3rm_0PDFnZDgiZZaAs-pFU2ZNMiRCi7hxvlYOgNsQRw2OA8YSY0kBRi7vDXqcsVuxbNqKPTFIJ-bEh9_kyE-jCwaSbdzaJ9C0rIA-vulPfw3AKBqu670gSzSYqhEOIP9OkH7L6-wTYcU3V6bALk/w480-h640/IMG_6051.jpg" alt="" width="480" height="640" border="0" data-original-height="4032" data-original-width="3024"></a></div>
<p>Today, Count Karl Eugen von Neipperg and Archduchess Andrea of Austria celebrate forty-five years of marriage!</p>
<table class="tr-caption-container" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMF4oa-OWb1Vazcd6uvkNbewKPLuUTkJT6purLm9vIuuL6pDH06kjrgpHIOYRRJwmvF_FriuDM8K1Pnv6URQbIkYgDX6_GGPXzJ-j8GTNrRCwEg4ReL97cH5fxzPmBMn-HtEawYFwlM_ukib6e26t6G_WyTn1yO8PLaFPZ90vHdSSjOQ50_DI96THF/s4032/IMG_6053.jpg"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMF4oa-OWb1Vazcd6uvkNbewKPLuUTkJT6purLm9vIuuL6pDH06kjrgpHIOYRRJwmvF_FriuDM8K1Pnv6URQbIkYgDX6_GGPXzJ-j8GTNrRCwEg4ReL97cH5fxzPmBMn-HtEawYFwlM_ukib6e26t6G_WyTn1yO8PLaFPZ90vHdSSjOQ50_DI96THF/w640-h450/IMG_6053.jpg" alt="" width="640" height="450" border="0" data-original-height="2835" data-original-width="4032"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tr-caption">The Villa Austria, home of Archduke Otto and Archduchess Regina.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>On 30 July 1977 at Pöcking, Archduchess Andrea of Austria religiously married Count Karl Eugen von Neipperg. Their civil wedding took place on 9 July. The couple met in 1976 at a ball in Munich. </p>
<table class="tr-caption-container" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIGXAY7UzaAt1ItXklo-Qx7Zi4WynZgJfA4VegWti3SOJMGacHft5e9_PCNsPAqLGc4c3uUh0MgZtbnNd6TOS08MogKU2F_SYmKhcJ7wEYSnDljRIvSnqdtQubetGKkRBmHwk2g17fj3e9WaYL0erS3s1OBsunzCEy0cokOa4CIc2FQZrAWOTGwO_t/s4032/IMG_6099.jpg"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIGXAY7UzaAt1ItXklo-Qx7Zi4WynZgJfA4VegWti3SOJMGacHft5e9_PCNsPAqLGc4c3uUh0MgZtbnNd6TOS08MogKU2F_SYmKhcJ7wEYSnDljRIvSnqdtQubetGKkRBmHwk2g17fj3e9WaYL0erS3s1OBsunzCEy0cokOa4CIc2FQZrAWOTGwO_t/w640-h480/IMG_6099.jpg" alt="" width="640" height="480" border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tr-caption">Andrea and Karl Eugen.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Born at Schwaigern on 20 October 1951, Count Maria <em>Karl Eugen</em> Johannes Nepomuk Erwin Michael von Neipperg was the eldest child of Count Josef Hubert von Neipperg (1918-2020) and his first wife Countess Maria von Ledebur-Wicheln (1920-1984). Karl Eugen studied at the Economic Institute of Nürtingen. He received his degree as an agricultural engineer. Following his formal education, the count worked on his family's property holdings (agricultural lands and forests). </p>
<table class="tr-caption-container" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpvbHodZHbkmTjxXgry1q94kedyYiFD8vyvw5MjgIV77Y8wnDX75UkXwx_NuT0P2mv3JXtJTMEm_a1P2mrRhpDxIlxD-nAoINkUPy5U7_4E702cP2KkI5z9mlMIufOEH7cmZOIVrt2zrxPZjTT_U9Ulvqu8iQIxn2NMj-_Ni6IfdzGrwc2higDZSwv/s3618/IMG_6098.jpg"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpvbHodZHbkmTjxXgry1q94kedyYiFD8vyvw5MjgIV77Y8wnDX75UkXwx_NuT0P2mv3JXtJTMEm_a1P2mrRhpDxIlxD-nAoINkUPy5U7_4E702cP2KkI5z9mlMIufOEH7cmZOIVrt2zrxPZjTT_U9Ulvqu8iQIxn2NMj-_Ni6IfdzGrwc2higDZSwv/w640-h476/IMG_6098.jpg" alt="" width="640" height="476" border="0" data-original-height="2692" data-original-width="3618"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tr-caption">Archduchess Andrea kisses the hand of her grandmother Empress Zita.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Born at Würzburg on 30 May 1953, Archduchess Andrea Maria of Austria was the eldest child of Archduke Otto of Austria, Crown Prince of Hungary (1912-2011) and Archduchess Regina (1925-2010; née Princess of Saxe-Meiningen), who wed in 1951. Andrea received her early education at the primary school in Pöcking. The archduchess enrolled at the University of Innsbruck, where she perfected her knowledge of English and Spanish. </p>
<table class="tr-caption-container" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6IlRLw_cHVJhQnG38HmRI0awlAWXkINeGzBas4Mo-v5tdDmnycvgWowf-cXiJMUdmP7ZMsc8Lk9mEBWwiTFxT90f2xQjUcNptr_Nl-C518L2TaE91DY3K5ZDGQwioY_hR2EIq0U8lc0R3uyjxNpy01go1kdKB5KVogMshUiRgINa-eJDH0nIGaZat/s3249/IMG_6059.jpg"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6IlRLw_cHVJhQnG38HmRI0awlAWXkINeGzBas4Mo-v5tdDmnycvgWowf-cXiJMUdmP7ZMsc8Lk9mEBWwiTFxT90f2xQjUcNptr_Nl-C518L2TaE91DY3K5ZDGQwioY_hR2EIq0U8lc0R3uyjxNpy01go1kdKB5KVogMshUiRgINa-eJDH0nIGaZat/w640-h440/IMG_6059.jpg" alt="" width="640" height="440" border="0" data-original-height="2236" data-original-width="3249"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tr-caption">The Austrian (with the exception of Archduke Georg) and Neipperg siblings.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="tr-caption-container" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9dGRFHVEebk1gJ-aIjOIeB8qj8mTy9YX4AfPbRLwW2Rn8dHim3N5DKowIw9SD43PpTUmQTmc_NKoKmpiPb1dg9eACJsTGTZjU2zv9rfbW_wfGYuFC5DU0SmjpLhv3bph_iY57yimH8fLUSOaxzU3-YK4G6RypYGIMrf4-qer2SDt_nnTB1OSp8BdN/s4032/IMG_6093.jpg"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9dGRFHVEebk1gJ-aIjOIeB8qj8mTy9YX4AfPbRLwW2Rn8dHim3N5DKowIw9SD43PpTUmQTmc_NKoKmpiPb1dg9eACJsTGTZjU2zv9rfbW_wfGYuFC5DU0SmjpLhv3bph_iY57yimH8fLUSOaxzU3-YK4G6RypYGIMrf4-qer2SDt_nnTB1OSp8BdN/w480-h640/IMG_6093.jpg" alt="" width="480" height="640" border="0" data-original-height="4032" data-original-width="3024"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tr-caption">Empress Zita with four of her sons. Archduke Otto sits next to her. Behind them are Archduke Carl Ludwig, Archduke Robert, and Archduke Rudolph.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="tr-caption-container" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitAkNy4yVyVuaohuBGZd-WDnQRhRzIEaL3emLY2CjgrRnfsqtQ4uHoDUpM60h8323X_g0Yv2hBO87CY_FmCYAfHFJ4gjX4dP9ebBAFtJ_brLh5u-zOkI7E8Q6rAYh5rcCYjb6ZsLCleU35PpOX7T8n23TZEc7FpOV04fr_thLFhyOx5_G1EUHeav1i/s4032/IMG_6095.jpg"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitAkNy4yVyVuaohuBGZd-WDnQRhRzIEaL3emLY2CjgrRnfsqtQ4uHoDUpM60h8323X_g0Yv2hBO87CY_FmCYAfHFJ4gjX4dP9ebBAFtJ_brLh5u-zOkI7E8Q6rAYh5rcCYjb6ZsLCleU35PpOX7T8n23TZEc7FpOV04fr_thLFhyOx5_G1EUHeav1i/w640-h454/IMG_6095.jpg" alt="" width="640" height="454" border="0" data-original-height="2865" data-original-width="4032"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tr-caption">(left to right) Princess Klara-Maria of Saxe-Meiningen, Archduchess Regina, Archduchess Andrea, Count Karl Eugen, Empress Zita, and Count Degenfeld.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="tr-caption-container" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhAp9QmN5BGQmeNRKIjfMpX2umkKdj4RMeA_RHPYgwSHevtvrvfsOtWmY7-Yvdvx4q8tAM05ix_GQQkJpIeKSWRcIsuP4tcEFIfnQkgji97s4hNiSJ9Vyo5ga0oZcFDSc6u8R05_NI1J_4uDDTfgwZhRg3-ZAsCnsGZbSzHAIQbZ4SUuIYFaU5CYmk/s4032/IMG_6096.jpg"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhAp9QmN5BGQmeNRKIjfMpX2umkKdj4RMeA_RHPYgwSHevtvrvfsOtWmY7-Yvdvx4q8tAM05ix_GQQkJpIeKSWRcIsuP4tcEFIfnQkgji97s4hNiSJ9Vyo5ga0oZcFDSc6u8R05_NI1J_4uDDTfgwZhRg3-ZAsCnsGZbSzHAIQbZ4SUuIYFaU5CYmk/w468-h640/IMG_6096.jpg" alt="" width="468" height="640" border="0" data-original-height="4032" data-original-width="2947"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tr-caption">Andrea and Karl Eugen dance the night away.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>On 29 July at the Golfhotel Kaiserin Elisabeth in Feldafing, an intimate dinner was hosted by Archduke Otto and Archduchess Regina for their daughter and her betrothed as well as one hundred guests. Dancing followed the dinner. </p>
<table class="tr-caption-container" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdnzQ86UcCCNO3QwaE754UC5O6yL-JxCB3vPKWUR6uCOrjCRZKQLx9xj8JlwuxpPkcIgwBQOvH6DOmoWQiOmO4KnkqNxo6Fu6Nl2qqktSNxiZtE2IOn8nqQvzjiw4B1YvbYA--DaV9ZPZOaL0MOQwXYjKJ53dPz-lCrYArwwkZ_9Zfy1VqACmZmhrl/s4032/IMG_6054.jpg"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdnzQ86UcCCNO3QwaE754UC5O6yL-JxCB3vPKWUR6uCOrjCRZKQLx9xj8JlwuxpPkcIgwBQOvH6DOmoWQiOmO4KnkqNxo6Fu6Nl2qqktSNxiZtE2IOn8nqQvzjiw4B1YvbYA--DaV9ZPZOaL0MOQwXYjKJ53dPz-lCrYArwwkZ_9Zfy1VqACmZmhrl/w480-h640/IMG_6054.jpg" alt="" width="480" height="640" border="0" data-original-height="4032" data-original-width="3024"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tr-caption">The religious wedding of Andrea and Karl Eugen.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>On her wedding day, Archduchess Andrea wore a white satin dress, created by a Pöcking designer, with a headdress of flowers. On her gown, the archduchess had pinned the Order of the Starry Cross, of which she is a member. Bishop Bruno Wechner of Feldkirk officiated over the religious wedding, assisted by Father Mathias Defregger. After the benediction, the Bishop Wechner read a telegraph addressed to the newlyweds from Pope Paul VI. The witnesses for Archduchess Andrea were Archduke Lorenz of Austria and Count Degenfeld; for Count Karl Eugen, the witnesses were Count Reinhard von Neipperg and Fürst Nicholas Leopold zu Salm-Salm. </p>
<div><br>
<table class="tr-caption-container" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHVXKbymbE3KtJYEaFE2wIcTS-0yqhXz4MZ4U2eBFDCWxs_lABj-6XVlFT53hiMU6rHciMo44myLHHHhRP4ZIQOwJGcmG5udLg8d_gOuWnJBnD1Xzs18hFd8uy5lwIjjgYnRf6p8dZckGFdiBvyCapxKRbUi1VmqmxG7LkZiw96bb5PiayoH4YVa3j/s2383/IMG_6056.jpg"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHVXKbymbE3KtJYEaFE2wIcTS-0yqhXz4MZ4U2eBFDCWxs_lABj-6XVlFT53hiMU6rHciMo44myLHHHhRP4ZIQOwJGcmG5udLg8d_gOuWnJBnD1Xzs18hFd8uy5lwIjjgYnRf6p8dZckGFdiBvyCapxKRbUi1VmqmxG7LkZiw96bb5PiayoH4YVa3j/w640-h466/IMG_6056.jpg" alt="" width="640" height="466" border="0" data-original-height="1736" data-original-width="2383"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tr-caption">Archduke Otto of Austria and Countess Marie von Neipperg followed by Archduchess Regina of Austria and Count Josef Hubert von Neipperg.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="tr-caption-container" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicpF_BW1Ue1P0ehsxwROEt6pLpjvg6Sot0ED9gSG7qyGPtLfU569EyZ28v2siYga40GvixAAc_cjEdsZEMqaCdyY_FSvSmD9cshNsp3DNzCU0euYdvRiQ9MOG8E9CkXympsIZhw5a_tReR15f3PNqM8cvDGYNveNtmpDD-b9zYLTVwsSznEDkeoQyX/s2726/IMG_6057.jpg"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicpF_BW1Ue1P0ehsxwROEt6pLpjvg6Sot0ED9gSG7qyGPtLfU569EyZ28v2siYga40GvixAAc_cjEdsZEMqaCdyY_FSvSmD9cshNsp3DNzCU0euYdvRiQ9MOG8E9CkXympsIZhw5a_tReR15f3PNqM8cvDGYNveNtmpDD-b9zYLTVwsSznEDkeoQyX/w640-h446/IMG_6057.jpg" alt="" width="640" height="446" border="0" data-original-height="1903" data-original-width="2726"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tr-caption">Duchess Charlotte of Mecklenburg and Fürst Franz Joseph II of Liechtenstein followed by Countess Franziska von Waldburg-Wolfegg-Waldsee and Archduke Rudolph of Austria.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="tr-caption-container" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ4th6uKga97rTSUwsxflG9Pykfz2cm8yVUqXTb4X7_fJU88NHgQHoriH4WeM-9zItUTiHtqAl1rCDs6QYATSCoHOHBsc6MR2unRpJyIvwfv8B7hWah5FBcKUBaaqVKQa6fhsBkfG7yFfEx2ym2QJvqGJH8NPqb191wGUE7ZhcpXsg2ToVGng4PUpP/s3180/IMG_6058.jpg"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ4th6uKga97rTSUwsxflG9Pykfz2cm8yVUqXTb4X7_fJU88NHgQHoriH4WeM-9zItUTiHtqAl1rCDs6QYATSCoHOHBsc6MR2unRpJyIvwfv8B7hWah5FBcKUBaaqVKQa6fhsBkfG7yFfEx2ym2QJvqGJH8NPqb191wGUE7ZhcpXsg2ToVGng4PUpP/w640-h430/IMG_6058.jpg" alt="" width="640" height="430" border="0" data-original-height="2136" data-original-width="3180"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tr-caption">Prince Ernst August of Hannover and Fürstin Georgina of Liechtenstein followed by Countess Elisabeth Hunyady and Archduke Ferdinand of Austria. </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Two hundred guests attended the Austrian imperial wedding. Among the attendees were Fürst Franz Joseph and Fürstin Georgina of Liechtenstein, Prince Ernst August of Hannover, Duchess Charlotte of Mecklenburg, and the Margrave of Meissen.</p>
<div class="separator"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhw0NxVBroxzkvW4UDLG89GWKKKoyBCH5JTJ4GONkYI6FzHXwP6peec2Q-IoaA4ZLgTPbMQ-j5SRADwjSpcUMB0hOAuZKhLkh7PK6ZJC1XSYn0b_tSkVmcveW_6YnSdgO2WmTnxum_T5mU7MQtdOJC-e_4cxq-yguDI3IBXTuyzT_YB-_ctOVYaaMR_/s3595/IMG_6101.jpg"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhw0NxVBroxzkvW4UDLG89GWKKKoyBCH5JTJ4GONkYI6FzHXwP6peec2Q-IoaA4ZLgTPbMQ-j5SRADwjSpcUMB0hOAuZKhLkh7PK6ZJC1XSYn0b_tSkVmcveW_6YnSdgO2WmTnxum_T5mU7MQtdOJC-e_4cxq-yguDI3IBXTuyzT_YB-_ctOVYaaMR_/w456-h640/IMG_6101.jpg" alt="" width="456" height="640" border="0" data-original-height="3595" data-original-width="2560"></a></div>
<p><em><strong>Our best wishes to Karl Eugen and Andrea on their anniversary!</strong></em></p>
</div>
<p><a title="Euro History Journal" href="https://eurohistoryjournal.blogspot.com" target="_blank"><img src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-0OMUjV7ocn4/XQ2qb8hlzQI/AAAAAAAABGw/mMSC1KS8Yl02jzUWLENzZeAYQ8rOkfkwQCK4BGAYYCw/s850/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-04-22%2Bat%2B11.47.40%2BAM-2.png" alt="Euro History Journal" width="413" height="100"></a></p>Maryamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04307942900246346735noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8800950975312332562.post-25052159794272040512022-10-06T19:46:00.000-07:002023-12-12T03:13:06.868-08:00The Golden Wedding of Princess Chantal d'Orléans and François-Xavier de Sambucy de Sorgue<div class="separator"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGHUKaEwB_fsH5tA1n3mK0SCiLTEKtlrhWUcR_lL1-8pwxBce3o2EJSWeU_kTitKqKFp6qGX9BCvqg6EeL57sI15U0OQQrsm5Jc3T9coneoTjkvab2ZQhmLl_t0gaSvnjthLtfgMJ9osqy_YhNrpagll3inHqamKJ5CrqVtTz5dBC0WcP9PI82ZO59/s503/Screen%20Shot%202022-07-02%20at%2010.46.43%20PM.png"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGHUKaEwB_fsH5tA1n3mK0SCiLTEKtlrhWUcR_lL1-8pwxBce3o2EJSWeU_kTitKqKFp6qGX9BCvqg6EeL57sI15U0OQQrsm5Jc3T9coneoTjkvab2ZQhmLl_t0gaSvnjthLtfgMJ9osqy_YhNrpagll3inHqamKJ5CrqVtTz5dBC0WcP9PI82ZO59/w320-h400/Screen%20Shot%202022-07-02%20at%2010.46.43%20PM.png" alt="" width="320" height="400" border="0" data-original-height="503" data-original-width="403"></a></div>
<div> </div>
<table class="tr-caption-container" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-eeFL3bzESzE/X-vnHdV35cI/AAAAAAAAFNY/MBwhL6uLijMKW_rNiccHQr23uUc0lXy7QCLcBGAsYHQ/s450/134397e4db014207ec4967b67fade1d7.jpg"><img src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-eeFL3bzESzE/X-vnHdV35cI/AAAAAAAAFNY/MBwhL6uLijMKW_rNiccHQr23uUc0lXy7QCLcBGAsYHQ/s16000/134397e4db014207ec4967b67fade1d7.jpg" alt="" border="0" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="346"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tr-caption">Princess Chantal on her wedding day with her parents, the Count and Countess of Paris.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div> </div>
<p>In 1971, Princess Chantal d'Orléans (b.1946), the youngest daughter of the Count and Countess of Paris, became engaged to François-Xavier de Sambucy de Sorgue (b.1943), a member of a noble family originally from Bologna, Italy. The Sambucy de Sorgues established themselves in Rouergue in the XIV century. The family also had contact with the Orléans as François-Xavier's great-uncle, Father Gaston de Sambucy de Sorgue, was the priest who officiated over the burial ceremony, in the Royal Chapel at St Louis de Dreux, for the Duchess d'Orléans, King Louis-Philippe's mother. François-Xavier and Chantal were married at the Royal Chapel at Dreux on 28 July 1972. She wore a splendid wedding gown designed by renowned couturier Balmain, as well as a diadem by Mellerio, a gift from her in-laws. </p>
<div>
<div> </div>
<table class="tr-caption-container" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjE5-I9QrnJkgjZzBHT8UuVgqDY0KX_Jno-ZCoZjI1f8LyqNe7LhGP4p8OdJTGGowIEteJ71-hH4k7_ErD_qYvMvG6GYRQFjnOSJ1gdBTxMEtZ1GzVsIE4kO-hYNkrvWkYTvmrZqKJJPsuEd7ULS1WPHhVBR4JVlgybTwm3h47ZfUlqzf6_BexC7Lxy/s505/pic1-3.JPG"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjE5-I9QrnJkgjZzBHT8UuVgqDY0KX_Jno-ZCoZjI1f8LyqNe7LhGP4p8OdJTGGowIEteJ71-hH4k7_ErD_qYvMvG6GYRQFjnOSJ1gdBTxMEtZ1GzVsIE4kO-hYNkrvWkYTvmrZqKJJPsuEd7ULS1WPHhVBR4JVlgybTwm3h47ZfUlqzf6_BexC7Lxy/w400-h274/pic1-3.JPG" alt="" width="400" height="274" border="0" data-original-height="346" data-original-width="505"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tr-caption">Chantal and François-Xavier with Alexandre and Kildine in 1999.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div> </div>
<div>The couple have three children: Axel (b.1976), Alexandre (b.1978), and Kildine (b.1979).</div>
</div>
<p><a title="Euro History Journal" href="https://eurohistoryjournal.blogspot.com" target="_blank"><img src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-0OMUjV7ocn4/XQ2qb8hlzQI/AAAAAAAABGw/mMSC1KS8Yl02jzUWLENzZeAYQ8rOkfkwQCK4BGAYYCw/s850/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-04-22%2Bat%2B11.47.40%2BAM-2.png" alt="Euro History Journal" width="413" height="100"></a></p>Maryamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04307942900246346735noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8800950975312332562.post-25257067631090292832022-10-05T14:46:00.000-07:002023-12-13T03:44:57.667-08:00 A Spectacular Spanish Saga: The Life of Doña María Luisa de Borbón, 3rd Duchess of Seville<div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-4024682581338303867" itemprop="description articleBody" style=""> <table class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXaEQHdOCZLP2GtLf4fYsGA4qyMLHY_bD7-7kZeQ0yzT1fpzFYz0rrUdQTWNsGs1ZN9vmcIj5TkRpxC9FkIKZ-EVkyvjXID7WahUCnpj2yWbvhKnaQefpfkPcUlr0CMa0Pf2OwZ48mx4FkBXWjiL0iX8wotsPBLOHx9ECUOzGRoScdWC0Z8m6WX-bQ/s892/Screen%20Shot%202022-08-08%20at%206.16.47%20PM.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img data-original-height="892" data-original-width="683" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXaEQHdOCZLP2GtLf4fYsGA4qyMLHY_bD7-7kZeQ0yzT1fpzFYz0rrUdQTWNsGs1ZN9vmcIj5TkRpxC9FkIKZ-EVkyvjXID7WahUCnpj2yWbvhKnaQefpfkPcUlr0CMa0Pf2OwZ48mx4FkBXWjiL0iX8wotsPBLOHx9ECUOzGRoScdWC0Z8m6WX-bQ/w490-h640/Screen%20Shot%202022-08-08%20at%206.16.47%20PM.png" style="" width="490" border="0" height="640"></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Maria Luisa, Duquesa de Sevilla, in 1920.
Photo (c) <a href="https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw60529/Doa-Maria-Luisa-de-Borbn-y-Parad-Duquesa-de-Sevilla?LinkID=mp61083&role=sit&rNo=0">National Portrait Gallery</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Born at 1pm on 4 April 1868 at Madrid, <i>María Luisa</i> Enriqueta Josefina de Borbón y Parade was the first of three daughters of Enrique Pío de Borbón y Castellví, 2nd Duke of Seville (1848-1894) and Josefina Parade y Sibié (1840-1939). María Luisa's parents wed two years after her birth on 5 November 1870 at Pau, France; the marriage of her father and mother legitimised María Luisa. According to the text of a later lawsuit, it was posited that Enrique and Josefina waited to marry and disclose the existence of María Luisa, who had always lived with her parents, until after the death of María Luisa's paternal grandfather, Don Enrique María de Borbón, 1st Duke of Seville, in a duel with the Duke of Montpensier on 12 March 1870. </p><table class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitmgIHEoCYg7BTN6XUYXu2xy4T0p8usPulhqgBahyNBwJwdTMcbaFI8aoSFvjUVMNW0tJdhXXYV5OTe2Idp8qVqhVdR5i3d_ZuS_odhom6JG3KrMpY5gHXxa6Xgu0P3MXTmhjFciTy8KQYfshccFPsyK25pk8PZSfnU4NK-eJ_BbNccYP5HT_9KxEx/s1766/Infante_D._Enrique_Material_gra%CC%81fico_1.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img data-original-height="1766" data-original-width="1149" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitmgIHEoCYg7BTN6XUYXu2xy4T0p8usPulhqgBahyNBwJwdTMcbaFI8aoSFvjUVMNW0tJdhXXYV5OTe2Idp8qVqhVdR5i3d_ZuS_odhom6JG3KrMpY5gHXxa6Xgu0P3MXTmhjFciTy8KQYfshccFPsyK25pk8PZSfnU4NK-eJ_BbNccYP5HT_9KxEx/w416-h640/Infante_D._Enrique_Material_gra%CC%81fico_1.jpg" width="416" border="0" height="640"></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;">María Luisa's grandfather Enrique with his four sons, the eldest being </span><span style="text-align: left;">María Luisa's father.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p>The paternal grandparents of María Luisa were Enrique María de Borbón (Infante of Spain from 1823-1848 and then from 1855-1867), 1st Duke of Seville (1823-1870), and Elena de Castellvi y Shelly-Fernandez de Cordova (1821-1863). María Luisa's maternal grandparents were Jean Parade and Geneviève Sibié. María Luisa's paternal great-uncle was King Consort Francisco de Asis of Spain, the husband of Queen Isabel II of Spain, and putative father of King Alfonso XII of Spain. </p><table class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhk1VUUgSw4s72hJxllcpLCUwNJTdS-a8vpZDVqxvmRADGp4ngkgw65_LfLCZ9zbz_t-F6ilN3FYPWR9374W53A4U3rfSUn_QyQERhBS25Sy04FsoDQQNpq61teUKojf5trqyQ2aoC0c6EBcBsYxQhndWGtXGtxAAvhAyWw0xzJ6NpM7WONj7oYmp4Z/s1017/640px-Retrato_de_Enrique_Pi%CC%81o_Mari%CC%81a_de_Borbo%CC%81n_y_de_Castellvi_Material_gra%CC%81fico_1.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img data-original-height="1017" data-original-width="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhk1VUUgSw4s72hJxllcpLCUwNJTdS-a8vpZDVqxvmRADGp4ngkgw65_LfLCZ9zbz_t-F6ilN3FYPWR9374W53A4U3rfSUn_QyQERhBS25Sy04FsoDQQNpq61teUKojf5trqyQ2aoC0c6EBcBsYxQhndWGtXGtxAAvhAyWw0xzJ6NpM7WONj7oYmp4Z/w402-h640/640px-Retrato_de_Enrique_Pi%CC%81o_Mari%CC%81a_de_Borbo%CC%81n_y_de_Castellvi_Material_gra%CC%81fico_1.jpg" width="402" border="0" height="640"></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;">María Luisa's father: Enrique, 2nd Duque de Sevilla.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p>María Luisa was followed by two younger sisters: Marta de Borbón y Parade (1880-1928) and Enriqueta de Borbón y Parade (1888-1967; married her first cousin Francisco de Borbón). For unknown personal and warped reasons, Josefina held a great disdain for her eldest daughter, María Luisa, and showed a marked preference for her second daughter, Marta, the first of Josefina's children born after she married Enrique. On the other hand, Enrique reportedly loved all of his daughters the same and, understandably, believed that his eldest daughter María Luisa should succeed him to the Ducado de Sevilla, while Josefina showed preference their second daughter Marta. King Alfonso XII of Spain felt concerned enough about the treatment of María Luisa by her mother that he had his cousin enrolled at the Colegio Santa Isabel in Madrid. María Luisa had initially expressed a desire to enter religious orders, which met with approval from her mother Josefina, as such a move would guarantee that María Luisa would not succeed her father to the Duchy of Seville, and thus pave the way for Josefina's preferred daughter Marta to become the Duchess. When Enrique's last and youngest daughter, Enriqueta, was born on 28 June 1885, the Duke of Seville took his eldest daughter out of school and became to introduce her to society, as he was now certain that María Luisa would very likely follow him to the Seville title. Josefina's meanness towards her seventeen year-old daughter accelerated after María Luisa left Colegio Santa Isabel to such an extent that after the family had gone on a vacation together during the summer of 1885, that when María Luisa had returned to Madrid, then the young woman make the decision to try to join a religious order, so as to escape from her mother's cruelty. Under the protection of Queen Regent Maria Cristina and King Francisco de Asis, María Luisa then went to an establishment in Lourdes accompanied by a nun of the same order that ran the Colegio Santa Isabel. Maria Cristina and her father-in-law Francisco paid María Luisa's fees at the institution in Lourdes; María Luisa was eventually compelled leave her noviciate owing to illness. From there, she moved to London where she lived at a Convent of the Assumption in Kensington Square, where she resided until her eventual marriage. </p><p>Enrique, 2nd Duke of Seville, died on 12 July 1894 while on a ship in the Red Sea. A few weeks after her father's death, María Luisa married Juan Lorenzo Francisco Monclús y Cabanellas (1862-1918) on 25 July 1894 in London. Juan was the son of Francisco Monclús and Dolores Cabanellas.</p><p>On 12 September 1894, Josefina, Dowager Duchess of Seville, filed a lawsuit contesting that (1) María Luisa should not be allowed to succeed her father as Duchess of Seville, (2) that María Luisa's sister Marta should succeed to the dukedom, (3) that María Luisa should not receive any part of her father's estate, and (4) that Marta and Enriqueta should be the sole heiresses of the late duke. On 15 December 1894, the court ruled that all three daughters of Enrique, Duke of Seville, were entitled to equal shares of his estate. On 15 July 1895, María Luisa was legally acknowledged as the 3rd Duchess of Seville by the Ministry of Justice and by royal decree. </p><p>The persecution of the daughter by mother did not cease. In March 1896, the Dowager Duchess of Seville brought another lawsuit wherein Josefina sought to completely destroy María Luisa's position. In her suit, Josefina asked that the courts nullify the judgement of 15 December 1894 in addition to declaring void the baptismal certificate of María Luisa. The desire of Josefina was to have her eldest daughter declared to be not only illegitimate, but also to allege that her eldest daughter was not the daughter of her late husband Enrique. The ultimate aim of Josefina's actions were to guarantee that her second daughter Marta would become the Duchess of Seville. </p><p>The claims of Josefina, Dowager Duchess of Seville, were sensational and extraordinary. Josefina denied that she had given birth to a daughter on 4 April 1868 (her eldest daughter's date of birth) in Madrid. She claimed that she was still living in France, her country of birth, at the time. Josefina claimed that María Luisa had been born on 4 April 1863 in Paris, and that Enrique could not have been her father, as he was only fourteen years-old at the time. Josefina asserted that she and Enrique, after their 1870 marriage, had allowed María Luisa to adopt the Borbón surname; however, Josefina stated that the couple had only done this being mindful of the supposedly sad circumstances of the young girl, who had no other family. Josefina introduced into evidence letters allegedly from her late husband, in which Enrique claimed to only have two legitimate daughters, Marta and Enriqueta, and letters allegedly from María Luisa in which her daughter wrote that she had no claim to the Dukedom of Seville or to the personal fortune of Enrique. One of the letters provided read as follows: "<i>Being ignorant of the lot that Providence has in store for me, and as it may be possible that my days are numbered, in order to safeguard the interests and rights of my beloved and unfortunate daughters Marta de Borbón and Enriqueta de Borbón, who are my only daughters and are legitimate, I entrust this writing to my beloved wife, Josefina Paradé y Libié, Duchess of Sevilla, so that upon my death she may defend the rights of the two beings whom I love so much.-Having had no children during the first years of our marriage and believing that, considering the time elapsed, we would never enjoy that happiness, at the request of my wife I decided to bestow my name upon and to have considered as my daughter a girl whom my wife had sheltered, who stayed in Paris under the name of María Paradé at the Bohnier boarding school and under the name of María Sevilla at the boarding school of Madame Jourdani and under the latter name in another school of Angulema until the day when she first bore my name, being thereafter considered as our daughter. Providence having been so kind as to give me on May 5, 1880, my adored daughter Marta and on June 28, 1885, my other much beloved daughter Enriqueta, the situation of my legitimate daughters, my true and only daughters, was critical in the face of the claims of the girl to whom, out of pity, I had given my name and by which she is known in the Royal College of Santa Isabel (Madrid); and although in a moment of folly I acknowledged her, I can not ignore the duty of a loving father, the voice of blood and of conscience, or the right that my real daughters have, so that nobody may claim what is theirs and so that they may know the truth.</i>” This letter of Enrique, Duke of Seville, was later used in a case that appeared before the Supreme Court in Puerto Rico in which a man sought the annulment of his acknowledgement of a natural child. </p><p>Josefina's assertions were met with a declaration by the civil servant who authorised the baptism of her eldest daughter. The statement read: "<i>In the city of Madrid, on 9 March 1878, I, Dr. Vicente de Manterola, Magistral Canon of the Holy Cathedral Church of Vitoria and Curate of that church of San Andrés in this said town, by virtue of authorisation granted by the Patriarch of the Indies, Military Vicar General and Senior Chaplain Priest of the Royal Palace, in a decree of 9 March, I solemnly administered the Holy Sacrament of Baptism to María Luisa Enriqueta Josefina, who was born in Madrid on April 4 of 1868, at one in the afternoon, and that the same day she was baptized by Dr. Gabriel de Usera y Alarcón, now deceased, as daughter of Don Enrique Pío María Francisco de Paula Luis Antonio de Borbón y de Castellví, Duke of Seville, and Doña Josefina Paradé y Libié; the first from Toulouse and the second from Argelés, both in the Kingdom of France; the paternal granddaughter of HRH Infante Enrique of Spain and Her Excellency Doña Elena de Castellví, Duchess of Seville; and on the maternal side, Messrs. D. Juan and Doña Genoveva; Her godfather was the Presbyter Pedro Lumbreras, Senior Lieutenant of the priest of this church, to whom I warned of the spiritual kinship and other obligations, and as witness was José Díaz y León; and I sign this, Vicente de Manterolas.</i>" María Luisa further countered her mother's allegations by submitting that she was indeed born in 1868 at Madrid, and not in 1863 at Paris. María Luisa noted her father's affection for her, and her mother's disdain for her after the birth of her sister Marta. María Luisa also submitted a letter from her father, which read: "<i>My very dear daughter: Although in five days I will have the pleasure of hugging you, I want you to receive my thoughts tomorrow as proof of the true affection that I profess for you on the occasion of tomorrow, the 4th of April, being the anniversary of your birth. You are eleven years old, and I pray to God that for long and happy years I may receive your sweet caresses and tender hugs. I will write to you before I go to look for you, and I will finish today because of how busy I am. Receive a thousand hugs from your father, who always loves you the same. Enrique. Bordeaux 3 April 1879.</i>"</p><p>Josefina countered her eldest daughter's evidence by claiming that María Luisa had indeed been born on 4 April 1863 at Paris to Josefina, who had given her the name Maria Paulina. Josefina alleged that María Luisa had then been taken care of by an aunt of Josefina. Ultimately, the court ruled (1) that María Luisa was born in 1868 as the natural daughter of Enrique and Josefina, (2) that María Luisa had been subsequently legitimised by her parents' marriage in 1870, and (3) that María Luisa had the right to succeed to her father's title. </p><p>In 1908, María Luisa and her husband Juan left their residence in Barcelona and took a house in London and a country house in Sussex. María Luisa was more commonly referred to as Marie Louise in the British press; she was also often accorded the style of <i>Royal Highness</i> and the title <i>Princess of Bourbon </i>- neither of which she legally possessed. The Duchess of Seville and her husband quickly joined and were accepted by British high society. In December 1911, the Duke Consort of Seville underwent a serious operation in London; Juan spent his recovery in a nursing home. In May 1914, several works of <span style="text-align: center;">Pablo Antonio Béjar Novella,</span> a painter for Spanish royals, were unveiled at Welbeck Gardens: the subjects of his brush were Queen Victoria Eugenia of Spain, the Ambassadress of Spain, and the Duchess of Seville. The exhibition was visited by King Manoel II of Portugal with his mother Queen Amélie as well as Princess Beatrice of Battenberg. Juan, Duke of Seville, joined the British war effort during World War I and served as a private in the Coldstream Guards. He was wounded in Rochdale, France, in December 1915. In April 1916, María Luisa met then-Crown Prince Alexander of Serbia (later King Alexander I of Yugoslavia) during a visit that Alexander made to London to increase awareness of the Serbian military efforts during the Great War. On 13 December 1918 in Shropshire, Juan Monclús y Cabanellas, Duke of Seville, died following an operation; he was fifty-six years-old. María Luisa was now a widow; she and Juan did not have children.</p><table class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgU7YDj-CF27GrAFyWk9RhjlYJ3we_KIaFVJVpOH9s15ItfzWaVZDRJWOGczg2gRfvVV4K0abDKPRCiO5AkhoQYDnN8hEo0NX5L1lP3oxNJPDikmaPHymlzEwtISqrmY5mPioEeT66SR7f_NTiK8fW_b3w7ersPMjwM88WtkRP8Np0ticZKIb-3EfPQ/s220/enriquet_original.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img data-original-height="220" data-original-width="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgU7YDj-CF27GrAFyWk9RhjlYJ3we_KIaFVJVpOH9s15ItfzWaVZDRJWOGczg2gRfvVV4K0abDKPRCiO5AkhoQYDnN8hEo0NX5L1lP3oxNJPDikmaPHymlzEwtISqrmY5mPioEeT66SR7f_NTiK8fW_b3w7ersPMjwM88WtkRP8Np0ticZKIb-3EfPQ/s1600/enriquet_original.jpg" width="150" border="0" height="220"></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Enriqueta, Duchess of Seville.</td></tr></tbody></table><p>On 2 July 1919, María Luisa ceded the Duchy of Seville to her youngest sister, Enriqueta. Their middle sister Marta waived her rights of succession. In 1907, Enriqueta had married her first cousin Francisco de Bórbon de la Torre (1882-1952); the couple had three children, thus securing the future of the Duchy of Seville. Enriqueta's grandson is the current Duke of Seville.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpTgC-hQ6eqC6aSdhKLIiIVyiVkIf4jJZe2x-sWQ1YwOfYS5obbEe9Uy99pEfrItowWWIXO7v1Lz98URTtBUM7uTAkKiO4gAPaF_mYU5IQtkXFvtuvTs9NvLS40rspj5S0khMWO6Xrtbgh3yaoqjVIL6PdyC_-wZulncX0v8FZu4N8LtpTcXGuV787/s619/Screen%20Shot%202022-08-11%20at%209.38.40%20PM.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img data-original-height="619" data-original-width="446" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpTgC-hQ6eqC6aSdhKLIiIVyiVkIf4jJZe2x-sWQ1YwOfYS5obbEe9Uy99pEfrItowWWIXO7v1Lz98URTtBUM7uTAkKiO4gAPaF_mYU5IQtkXFvtuvTs9NvLS40rspj5S0khMWO6Xrtbgh3yaoqjVIL6PdyC_-wZulncX0v8FZu4N8LtpTcXGuV787/s320/Screen%20Shot%202022-08-11%20at%209.38.40%20PM.png" width="231" border="0" height="320"></a></div><p>María Luisa's sister Marta died on 19 March 1928 in Madrid. Marta was forty-seven years-old. She had never married and left no children.</p><table class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdF8zQjLNoVC9slUk3oWK9ah9UxsPJpqUef16ufUhvJ8TkzS9m-ftFVoPnItJ7_PwPUcSYqpvQVwjBapfP6xexBNgTXAV5s5cgrgUUhQEv4JDpM5J9_TlkXFiN3GGa4i1jx8l8BKxl4PBVhTi5YM5eUU2nx8Se4nb-gjXf7IeJInUMJ4wSjAno5n67/s889/Screen%20Shot%202022-08-12%20at%208.07.57%20PM.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img data-original-height="889" data-original-width="690" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdF8zQjLNoVC9slUk3oWK9ah9UxsPJpqUef16ufUhvJ8TkzS9m-ftFVoPnItJ7_PwPUcSYqpvQVwjBapfP6xexBNgTXAV5s5cgrgUUhQEv4JDpM5J9_TlkXFiN3GGa4i1jx8l8BKxl4PBVhTi5YM5eUU2nx8Se4nb-gjXf7IeJInUMJ4wSjAno5n67/w496-h640/Screen%20Shot%202022-08-12%20at%208.07.57%20PM.png" width="496" border="0" height="640"></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Maria Luisa, Duquesa de Sevilla, in 1920.
Photo (c) <a href="https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw60529/Doa-Maria-Luisa-de-Borbn-y-Parad-Duquesa-de-Sevilla?LinkID=mp61083&role=sit&rNo=0">National Portrait Gallery</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table><p>In July 1929, Mr Frederick Dempster-Smith, a late resident of the Hotel Victoria in London and the Imperial Hotel in Bournemouth, left £5,000 (modern equivalent being £221,777) to María Luisa. Mr Dempster-Smith gave this bequest whilst "<i>begging Her Royal Highness's gracious acceptance of such a sum as a slight token of gratitude for her unvarying kindness, consideration, and sympathy to me and my family for so many years.</i>" At some point, María Luisa moved back to Spain. In July 1934, María Luisa was a guest of Mrs Maurice Clayton in London; it was her first visit back to the British capital since the Spanish Revolution. At the end of her stay, María Luisa returned to Barcelona. </p><table class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhg0g61eEJWnfys5liViehsbggNodhPBCEJRe0kksceUCveOFxbHaKHzPJQEkYCeJf2ftKNJrfUqg5ikBaZfuQkzgLP_i5OA_G3XSIXvu1a8poHmBG79SPAolQGrUAOvzWM78KJb9NxO_G7LD33XsaBc8V4O7fgLvCLhocO-FQkZ1drc3JLO7enCK-A/s407/Screen%20Shot%202022-08-11%20at%2010.02.48%20PM.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><img data-original-height="406" data-original-width="407" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhg0g61eEJWnfys5liViehsbggNodhPBCEJRe0kksceUCveOFxbHaKHzPJQEkYCeJf2ftKNJrfUqg5ikBaZfuQkzgLP_i5OA_G3XSIXvu1a8poHmBG79SPAolQGrUAOvzWM78KJb9NxO_G7LD33XsaBc8V4O7fgLvCLhocO-FQkZ1drc3JLO7enCK-A/w400-h399/Screen%20Shot%202022-08-11%20at%2010.02.48%20PM.png" width="400" border="0" height="399"></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The death notice of Doña Josefina, Duquesa Viuda de Sevilla.</td></tr></tbody></table><p>On 20 October 1939, María Luisa's mother Josefina, Dowager Duchess of Seville, died in Madrid. Josefina was ninety-nine years-old. Despite the lengths at which the dowager duchess went to disinherit her eldest daughter, María Luisa was listed in Josefina's obituary as her daughter.</p><table class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjzaMzk6sila2bpdLTHcxbyd2nXzUQ7hhg-0nlciKX6nXvVxK8-wgtNFxNH24Hi_yGgwHguWdZB43r_62yk9FUrH4aaKiSL6KZ-A47qhjOiCFhXmWjE4Ol8OK8ZBokOoU1bMm4oe8N6L_gmhgep_xngq95J5qwMSB_VZsrYppKmvvcc3TmtoZav3CF/s738/1911-11-26,_Feminal,_La_duquesa_de_Sevilla.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img data-original-height="738" data-original-width="602" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjzaMzk6sila2bpdLTHcxbyd2nXzUQ7hhg-0nlciKX6nXvVxK8-wgtNFxNH24Hi_yGgwHguWdZB43r_62yk9FUrH4aaKiSL6KZ-A47qhjOiCFhXmWjE4Ol8OK8ZBokOoU1bMm4oe8N6L_gmhgep_xngq95J5qwMSB_VZsrYppKmvvcc3TmtoZav3CF/w522-h640/1911-11-26,_Feminal,_La_duquesa_de_Sevilla.jpg" width="522" border="0" height="640"></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A copy of the portrait of Maria Luisa by Pablo Antonio Béjar Novella.</td></tr></tbody></table>
Doña María Luisa de Borbón y Parade, former Duchess of Seville, died on 10 June 1949 at Ciempozuelos, Spain. She was eighty-one years-old. María Luisa's death was not mentioned in the Spanish or British press, and for many decades the exact year and date of her passing were not known. Even her relatives, the descendants of her sister Enriqueta, were not certain of when the first Duchess of Seville in her own right had passed away. Royal researcher and author <a href="https://www.nettyroyal.nl/">Netty Leistra</a>, of NettyRoyal, found the particulars concerning the death of María Luisa in 2013.
<div style="clear: both;"></div> </div>
<p><a title="Euro History Journal" href="https://eurohistoryjournal.blogspot.com" target="_blank"><img src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-0OMUjV7ocn4/XQ2qb8hlzQI/AAAAAAAABGw/mMSC1KS8Yl02jzUWLENzZeAYQ8rOkfkwQCK4BGAYYCw/s850/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-04-22%2Bat%2B11.47.40%2BAM-2.png" alt="Euro History Journal" width="413" height="100"></a></p>Maryamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04307942900246346735noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8800950975312332562.post-8137922819416704532022-10-04T09:46:00.000-07:002023-12-12T04:00:48.810-08:00Duke Eugen Eberhard of Württemberg (1930-2022)<table class="tr-caption-container" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_2F3PxDv0ABWuHJrmjb6jPB2bWp0z2BP8yKWuUMv763OzHRyBdLhUUIMi-OCgRk1YIRVCbITrw_WthyQEebpkvfzBqt9fvBem_NI_hNglGli4Ofm47M40GXXaBwe0OkHNWNAD4Fe1mfEMyzLEcqBw95JjjT7oe4-TLdPAAz1DlFjsYp2jJzASNUMt/s700/00101732.jpg"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_2F3PxDv0ABWuHJrmjb6jPB2bWp0z2BP8yKWuUMv763OzHRyBdLhUUIMi-OCgRk1YIRVCbITrw_WthyQEebpkvfzBqt9fvBem_NI_hNglGli4Ofm47M40GXXaBwe0OkHNWNAD4Fe1mfEMyzLEcqBw95JjjT7oe4-TLdPAAz1DlFjsYp2jJzASNUMt/w416-h640/00101732.jpg" alt="" width="416" height="640" border="0" data-original-height="700" data-original-width="455"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tr-caption">Duke Alexander, Duchess Sophie, and Duke Eugen attend the wedding of Duchess Fleur, 2003.<br>Photograph (c) Seeger-Presse / Sandra Zellner.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Ivaylo Schalafoff, the Executive Director of the King Boris and Queen Giovanna Royal Heritage Fund, has announced that Duke Eugen of Württemberg died this afternoon (26 July), aged ninety-one. Eugen was a first cousin of the late Duke Carl of Württemberg, the Head of the Royal House, as well as first cousin of King Simeon II of Bulgaria.</p>
<table class="tr-caption-container" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEin4UnZNX7vpN9MzMo739UGbnWVsDOYOEWdHlaY1XnspQX2kqq_gnRaNhaoRYZ0otJvPqQFuQR3yyr7zbcrhu-ghH-N8JOnUxeo37Cpmp82M3K8ZM82kb4uG3o6uxXyNDP4XBjvXTF1XIhTTn-q-ndUgdqfK9Eq2GeQwz0ccFaoK0hbqqIfdvtgT6vp/s3019/IMG_6121.jpg"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEin4UnZNX7vpN9MzMo739UGbnWVsDOYOEWdHlaY1XnspQX2kqq_gnRaNhaoRYZ0otJvPqQFuQR3yyr7zbcrhu-ghH-N8JOnUxeo37Cpmp82M3K8ZM82kb4uG3o6uxXyNDP4XBjvXTF1XIhTTn-q-ndUgdqfK9Eq2GeQwz0ccFaoK0hbqqIfdvtgT6vp/w454-h640/IMG_6121.jpg" alt="" width="454" height="640" border="0" data-original-height="3019" data-original-width="2138"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tr-caption">Eugen's mother Princess Nadejda of Bulgaria, 1916.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="tr-caption-container" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-SV0Gh_wM4vM/XoQA-y4UNAI/AAAAAAAADMs/QMnclA9WcBgQ2484m_56GNewlxXRMT5uACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Screen%2BShot%2B2020-03-31%2Bat%2B10.48.07%2BPM.png"><img src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-SV0Gh_wM4vM/XoQA-y4UNAI/AAAAAAAADMs/QMnclA9WcBgQ2484m_56GNewlxXRMT5uACLcBGAsYHQ/s400/Screen%2BShot%2B2020-03-31%2Bat%2B10.48.07%2BPM.png" alt="" width="400" height="328" border="0" data-original-height="395" data-original-width="480"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tr-caption">The engagement of Albrecht Eugen of Württemberg and Nadejda of Bulgaria is announced in January 1924.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="tr-caption-container" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5jrF7e-cuxg/XoP6SU7vI-I/AAAAAAAADMI/fL8Dlo-ktj8WSAPeu7poT6WwHBsS1OJlACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/c13022fa5b0f3ba8c1f69fb4bf91bab0.jpg"><img src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5jrF7e-cuxg/XoP6SU7vI-I/AAAAAAAADMI/fL8Dlo-ktj8WSAPeu7poT6WwHBsS1OJlACLcBGAsYHQ/s640/c13022fa5b0f3ba8c1f69fb4bf91bab0.jpg" alt="" width="454" height="640" border="0" data-original-height="639" data-original-width="455"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tr-caption">Newlyweds: Duke Albrecht Eugen of Württemberg and Princess Nadejda of Bulgaria.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><br>On 2 November 1930, Duke <em>Eugen Eberhard</em> Albrecht Maria Joseph Ivan Rilsky Robert Ulrich Philipp Odo Carl Hubert of Württemberg was born at Karlsruhe. Eugen was the third child and second son of Duke Albrecht Eugen of Württemberg (1895-1954) and Princess Nadejda of Bulgaria (1899-1958), who married in 1924. Eugen joined two older siblings, and was followed by two younger siblings: Duke Ferdinand (1927-2020), Duchess Margarethe (1928-2017; married to François Luce de Chevigny), Duke Alexander (b.1933), and Duchess Sophie (b.1937; married and divorced Antonio Manuel Rôxo de Ramos-Bandeira). The family became known as the "Black Württembergs" as the children of Albrecht Eugen and Nadejda all had dark hair, which put them in contrast with their first cousins, the children of Albrecht Eugen's brother Philipp.<br><br></p>
<table class="tr-caption-container" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-CiRF31NepD0/XoP-MUcoKjI/AAAAAAAADMU/Pk_pX_QaCEUaKcjhNMgLmxC3Ga3-Ne4SQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Screen%2BShot%2B2020-03-31%2Bat%2B10.36.15%2BPM.png"><img src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-CiRF31NepD0/XoP-MUcoKjI/AAAAAAAADMU/Pk_pX_QaCEUaKcjhNMgLmxC3Ga3-Ne4SQCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Screen%2BShot%2B2020-03-31%2Bat%2B10.36.15%2BPM.png" alt="" width="640" height="492" border="0" data-original-height="669" data-original-width="869"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tr-caption">Duke Albrecht of Württemberg and Archduchess Margarete Sophie of Austria<br>Image (c) ALAMY</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><br>Eugen's paternal grandparents were Duke Albrecht of Württemberg (1865-1939) and Archduchess Margarete Sophie of Austria (1870-1902). The duke's maternal grandparents were King Ferdinand of Bulgaria (1861-1948) and Princess Marie Louise of Bourbon-Parma (1870-1899). </p>
<div><br>
<table class="tr-caption-container" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEpsGBI5uynC77bSxMahnysFi6kOYaPC-m-UOuBUoYJ7tYyljbenDKDjiEDsGoM48AbS4Pp3dTKnc0Apxn7pkrReowm9kGS3By9mPZWKVbqcDoKnoQh9xOTst3ig_LvQZuiCD-btEZdzdA86_Hiye8S2apmPMABkFZNdC6ZG4Pj7lnbNVYpCvEkXXR/s2202/IMG_6115.jpg"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEpsGBI5uynC77bSxMahnysFi6kOYaPC-m-UOuBUoYJ7tYyljbenDKDjiEDsGoM48AbS4Pp3dTKnc0Apxn7pkrReowm9kGS3By9mPZWKVbqcDoKnoQh9xOTst3ig_LvQZuiCD-btEZdzdA86_Hiye8S2apmPMABkFZNdC6ZG4Pj7lnbNVYpCvEkXXR/w640-h436/IMG_6115.jpg" alt="" width="640" height="436" border="0" data-original-height="1502" data-original-width="2202"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tr-caption">Duke Alexander, Duchess Sophie, and Duke Eugen in Coburg, 2001.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="tr-caption-container" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidMb47Bfb3HEsA84-XiHdEN9zcB57Fhjf4fX252wcVAzxco1bw_OvNrO-WPMIx8HGxBIsoRn_BAfNub-9YiHHi-XBA7VCvj2KqkjC7qbEhiMUWO9VqD2MYvLFIM9AEA2WqhO1_35iWg6VJYakLi04EpR1GJS7meAXbFP0dNNm_TPwgxQ92ybgI3KwA/s700/00205945.jpg"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidMb47Bfb3HEsA84-XiHdEN9zcB57Fhjf4fX252wcVAzxco1bw_OvNrO-WPMIx8HGxBIsoRn_BAfNub-9YiHHi-XBA7VCvj2KqkjC7qbEhiMUWO9VqD2MYvLFIM9AEA2WqhO1_35iWg6VJYakLi04EpR1GJS7meAXbFP0dNNm_TPwgxQ92ybgI3KwA/w424-h640/00205945.jpg" alt="" width="424" height="640" border="0" data-original-height="700" data-original-width="464"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tr-caption">Duke Eugen and his brother Duke Alexander at the wedding of Prince Karl Emich zu Leiningen, 2008.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div> </div>
<div>Duke Eugen worked as a banker and he lived in Frankfurt. </div>
<div> </div>
<table class="tr-caption-container" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjYgUIcc2OclF0A2jp82w34vvAdXU7f2W3zUHhbYqtuMzKWoIPsGMfGdZGHj6Cggldd5I6gCRlDvnGDsoIj60aTQBLVhNv9G0UEvoGx-Q2cpkc63gznxnVNeRR0KXps3R5d3Oft_wgivFaEFBOzgq-UA1IewEiqGUJ7eFPhBsRC2_6R4hJGU3g_65cc=s3091"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjYgUIcc2OclF0A2jp82w34vvAdXU7f2W3zUHhbYqtuMzKWoIPsGMfGdZGHj6Cggldd5I6gCRlDvnGDsoIj60aTQBLVhNv9G0UEvoGx-Q2cpkc63gznxnVNeRR0KXps3R5d3Oft_wgivFaEFBOzgq-UA1IewEiqGUJ7eFPhBsRC2_6R4hJGU3g_65cc=w598-h640" alt="" width="598" height="640" border="0" data-original-height="3091" data-original-width="2891"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tr-caption">Duchess Sophie, Antonio Manuel Rôxo de Ramos-Bandeira, Duke Ferdinand, Duchess Margarethe, Princess Eudoxia of Bulgaria, Duchess Alexandra and Duke Eugen Eberhard, 1969. </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div>On 31 August 1962 at Mondsee, Duke Eugen of Württemberg civilly married Archduchess Alexandra of Austria (b.1935), a daughter of Archduke Anton of Austria and Princess Ileana of Romania. The couple's religious wedding followed on 3 September 1962. Eugen and Alexandra did not have children, and the pair's union was dissolved by divorce on 6 April 1972 at Frankfurt. The Holy See annulled their marriage on 7 November 1973.</div>
<div> </div>
<div class="separator"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhl6dNrBnowWWcMqv3bLWrNNGyUvidiL3SGlbc9XhuYNiTZy8HQFZr-NBlH92GFmQ-XNFxkhBWZAf63Xx-s9JDUgOyW6_6xLZBq6o8aeMNWZ2xgTPCGUiHlS8ylSKU5gSDhvG3pY_6mEJKyXUmsSK7oguuyp0L_LSAuUsBm279oYNuIcB1Hy7159HXS/s633/Screen%20Shot%202022-07-31%20at%209.10.38%20PM.png"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhl6dNrBnowWWcMqv3bLWrNNGyUvidiL3SGlbc9XhuYNiTZy8HQFZr-NBlH92GFmQ-XNFxkhBWZAf63Xx-s9JDUgOyW6_6xLZBq6o8aeMNWZ2xgTPCGUiHlS8ylSKU5gSDhvG3pY_6mEJKyXUmsSK7oguuyp0L_LSAuUsBm279oYNuIcB1Hy7159HXS/w586-h640/Screen%20Shot%202022-07-31%20at%209.10.38%20PM.png" alt="" width="586" height="640" border="0" data-original-height="633" data-original-width="580"></a></div>
<div><br>
<div> </div>
<strong><em>May the Duke Rest In Peace.</em></strong></div>
</div>
<p><a title="Euro History Journal" href="https://eurohistoryjournal.blogspot.com" target="_blank"><img src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-0OMUjV7ocn4/XQ2qb8hlzQI/AAAAAAAABGw/mMSC1KS8Yl02jzUWLENzZeAYQ8rOkfkwQCK4BGAYYCw/s850/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-04-22%2Bat%2B11.47.40%2BAM-2.png" alt="Euro History Journal" width="413" height="100"></a></p>Maryamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04307942900246346735noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8800950975312332562.post-85958948833799337602022-10-03T04:46:00.000-07:002023-12-12T03:51:23.481-08:00A Surprise Royal Marriage: Dowager Princess Miriam of Turnovo Weds Prince Ghazi of Jordan!<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSheu844OHFyYhJqbEPe7bqafz4m-OoQnutL6d365sO66ZS13-LvVWJNybi_vBiPRhZU4TvyB5kak_JlbEVjd9-TBO7s_E_TtAkSvY8-abhIex6eqmZZ3tMepXfzzQO_Pfl8FprHSeDncvSrCUUF17pDFCcE2tViz8HsNdQDEMboxV77mhrJIp4iAv/s1200/IMG_6619.JPG"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSheu844OHFyYhJqbEPe7bqafz4m-OoQnutL6d365sO66ZS13-LvVWJNybi_vBiPRhZU4TvyB5kak_JlbEVjd9-TBO7s_E_TtAkSvY8-abhIex6eqmZZ3tMepXfzzQO_Pfl8FprHSeDncvSrCUUF17pDFCcE2tViz8HsNdQDEMboxV77mhrJIp4iAv/w640-h427/IMG_6619.JPG" alt="" width="640" height="427" border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="1200"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Princess Miriam Ghazi, King Abdullah II of Jordan, and Prince Ghazi bin Muhammad.<br>Photo (c) <a href="https://rhc.jo/en/media/news/prince-ghazi-weds-princess-miriam">RHC</a>.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>The Royal Hashemite Court issued the following communiqué earlier today:</p>
<blockquote>The Royal Hashemite Court is pleased to announce the marriage of His Royal Highness Prince Ghazi bin Muhammad and Her Royal Highness Princess Miriam, Princess of Turnovo, on Saturday, 3 September 2022, in the presence of His Majesty King Abdullah II.<br><br>Their Royal Highnesses Prince El Hassan bin Talal and Prince Talal bin Muhammad attended the marriage ceremony.<br><br>The Royal Hashemite Court extends its sincere congratulations to His Majesty on this occasion, and wishes Their Royal Highnesses Prince Ghazi and Princess Miriam Ghazi a lifetime of happiness.</blockquote>
<p>Princess Miriam is the widowed daughter-in-law of King Simeon II of the Bulgarians. Prince Ghazi is the first cousin of King Abdullah II of Jordan. Although Prince Ghazi is of the Muslim faith, Princess Miriam is believed to have remained in the Orthodox faith.</p>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9SDzc1sBkqbDR4AmuWZ4KOlhtfGMV88tDJxF3m2yEDvWArBXP-1iBB2Lyuge2VLIwT8X1ON5k-GtIB_BsT8zoIJ7Di38lu-tcdeQVt7RlJsIZTnEg7RyChVkOiQX_2c-tYFg-beiVdPeszHDex6o37PW2jvfd5dmA1sqBFUeksxvNqm3aS96X_zEc/s1024/viber_image_2022-09-02_12-55-16-888.jpg"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9SDzc1sBkqbDR4AmuWZ4KOlhtfGMV88tDJxF3m2yEDvWArBXP-1iBB2Lyuge2VLIwT8X1ON5k-GtIB_BsT8zoIJ7Di38lu-tcdeQVt7RlJsIZTnEg7RyChVkOiQX_2c-tYFg-beiVdPeszHDex6o37PW2jvfd5dmA1sqBFUeksxvNqm3aS96X_zEc/w640-h480/viber_image_2022-09-02_12-55-16-888.jpg" alt="" width="640" height="480" border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Prince Boris, Princess Miriam, and Prince Beltran at the memorial to Prince Kardam, 2 September 2022.<br>Photo (c) <a href="https://www.kingsimeon.bg/2022/09/dnes-2-septemvri-2022-g-na-rozhdeniya-si-den-n-ts-v-knyaginya-miriam-be-sas-svoite-dvama-sinove-knyazete-boris-i-beltran-na-brega-na-reka-jordan-kadeto-e-izgradena-stela-v-pamet-na-nejniya-saprug/">HM King Simeon II</a>.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>The day prior to the wedding, on 2 September (which is also Miriam's birthday), the princess and her sons visited the memorial erected near the Jordan River in memory of Crown Prince Kardam of Bulgaria.</p>
<div><br>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-F4GixnIeDIQ/XS4viVdTCJI/AAAAAAAABXM/NpwlrCue1mA65iEAJ0e6oFLxBf5JduhrQCLcBGAs/s1600/21f0a103ce55fb2f4c59c81f95ce8880.jpg"><img src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-F4GixnIeDIQ/XS4viVdTCJI/AAAAAAAABXM/NpwlrCue1mA65iEAJ0e6oFLxBf5JduhrQCLcBGAs/w442-h640/21f0a103ce55fb2f4c59c81f95ce8880.jpg" alt="" width="442" height="640" border="0" data-original-height="639" data-original-width="442"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Wedding of Crown Prince Kardam of Bulgaria and doña Miriam de Ungría y López in 1996</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-7PYreyqKn18/XS4viWNLsKI/AAAAAAAABXI/41HcsYf7iPIpMzxaWEnXlKKqMtKtBEwBACLcBGAs/s1600/27155.jpg"><img src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-7PYreyqKn18/XS4viWNLsKI/AAAAAAAABXI/41HcsYf7iPIpMzxaWEnXlKKqMtKtBEwBACLcBGAs/w640-h480/27155.jpg" alt="" width="640" height="480" border="0" data-original-height="589" data-original-width="785"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>The Crown Princely couple with their first son Boris</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5UpENwpWwD4/XS4viZTEUUI/AAAAAAAABXQ/AQmvhjInywkEZRSX9Z2ENMs9h1UCxxbtwCLcBGAs/s1600/f437693cd3305e30b552eb44ca166c99.jpg"><img src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5UpENwpWwD4/XS4viZTEUUI/AAAAAAAABXQ/AQmvhjInywkEZRSX9Z2ENMs9h1UCxxbtwCLcBGAs/w426-h640/f437693cd3305e30b552eb44ca166c99.jpg" alt="" width="426" height="640" border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="800"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Crown Prince Kardam and Crown Princess Miriam with their sons </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br>On 2 September 1963 at Madrid, Spain, Dowager Princess Miriam of Turnovo was born as Doña Miriam Ungría y López, the daughter of Don Bernardo Ungría y Goiburu and Doña María del Carmen López y Oleaga (d.2019). Miriam has a degree in history and geography, with a concentration in art history, from the Complutense University of Madrid. She later studied gemology, jewellery manufacturing, wax molding, gemstone setting, and jewellery design at the University of Oviedo's European Centre of Gemology and Jewellery. Miriam created her own fashion line under the name "MdeU."<br>
<p>On 7 July 1996 at the Santos Andrés y Demetrio Orthodox Church in Madrid, Doña Miriam Ungría y López married Crown Prince Kardam of Bulgaria, Prince of Turnovo (b.Madrid 2 December 1962). Kardam was the eldest child of King Simeon II of Bulgaria (b.1937) and Queen Margarita (b.1935; née Gómez-Acebo y Cejuela). Prince Kardam and Princess Miriam had two sons, Prince Boris (b.1997) and Prince Beltran (b.1999), who were both christened in the Orthodox faith. On 15 August 2008, Kardam and Miriam were involved in a serious motor vehicle accident in Madrid: both the prince and princess sustained severe injuries. Miriam was able to recover from the incident; however, Kardam's condition and the traumatic brain injury from the accident had left him in a coma. Although she had remained a Roman Catholic when they married, Princess Miriam converted to the Orthodox faith as an expression of empathy to her husband and their family. Tragically, Crown Prince Kardam died on 7 April 2015 in Madrid; he had been in a coma for almost seven years. Kardam's death was an indescribable blow to his wife, their sons, and his parents and extended family. </p>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUZdctI8KBccIO_5G9Cf6NrX9pZvlUFqc4Xc3mJ3fQWWgMEzSaCVrcPZfFPyyHid1Fi2jxT_hF4maIbBSzbWIQS3gLm82CBGcZESneuCWtwZbP02Bhdw4C5LeSKKPQ3FQg2dA8E_nY4fjTCHVnBlurpO5kxKfRwYfCdTHgPpVO1O83wBHqaN8KHIyi/s440/IMG_6621.JPG"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUZdctI8KBccIO_5G9Cf6NrX9pZvlUFqc4Xc3mJ3fQWWgMEzSaCVrcPZfFPyyHid1Fi2jxT_hF4maIbBSzbWIQS3gLm82CBGcZESneuCWtwZbP02Bhdw4C5LeSKKPQ3FQg2dA8E_nY4fjTCHVnBlurpO5kxKfRwYfCdTHgPpVO1O83wBHqaN8KHIyi/w640-h458/IMG_6621.JPG" alt="" width="640" height="458" border="0" data-original-height="315" data-original-width="440"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Prince Mohammad and Princess Firyal with their two sons, Prince Talal and Prince Ghazi.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdzRYgjRBJ2GXP8JMS2OgWWVmEfnBbnN5nUpk3vnb_ndsMdrW2ufxXtcvDV_068-N2YejwQux0LaI_v3cshdvIu2_YUIF93yt0OrkO6PToxJjWhdyZ3YinbSI4Meutf4FLeMOtb5KZ8oiX2JaUVHY-rRI7TUjFwY9UCmV84LU4dbqx5mK6uyvQyxlg/s612/IMG_6623.jpg"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdzRYgjRBJ2GXP8JMS2OgWWVmEfnBbnN5nUpk3vnb_ndsMdrW2ufxXtcvDV_068-N2YejwQux0LaI_v3cshdvIu2_YUIF93yt0OrkO6PToxJjWhdyZ3YinbSI4Meutf4FLeMOtb5KZ8oiX2JaUVHY-rRI7TUjFwY9UCmV84LU4dbqx5mK6uyvQyxlg/w488-h640/IMG_6623.jpg" alt="" width="488" height="640" border="0" data-original-height="612" data-original-width="467"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>The Prince of Wales and Prince Ghazi during a visit to Jordan of the British heir in 2013.<br>Photo (c) Getty Images / Chris Jackson.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEYgD_G_t-lajQARD5nihSxgvxDxBQtTJBdV14ymhJqxNYzBoXVwhjV6UmcVCeDDwBwnDCxX3Wf4zMrPQqNUvG4gTTewiG_z9FvxIA_JPlxi501Ob_UwYQJ5gjgospkHJPGdYHCOWrJKi5Vi-VnlXLUnKX-rcY87DPd8QRBT2YcXxNF0-T3bi6H-Iq/s612/IMG_6627.jpg"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEYgD_G_t-lajQARD5nihSxgvxDxBQtTJBdV14ymhJqxNYzBoXVwhjV6UmcVCeDDwBwnDCxX3Wf4zMrPQqNUvG4gTTewiG_z9FvxIA_JPlxi501Ob_UwYQJ5gjgospkHJPGdYHCOWrJKi5Vi-VnlXLUnKX-rcY87DPd8QRBT2YcXxNF0-T3bi6H-Iq/w640-h460/IMG_6627.jpg" alt="" width="640" height="460" border="0" data-original-height="439" data-original-width="612"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Queen Sonja and King Harald V of Norway with Prince Ghazi and Queen Rania of Jordan, 2021.<br>Photo (c) Getty Images / Khalil Mazraawi.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>On 15 October 1966 at Amman, Prince Ghazi bin Muhammad was born as the son of Prince Muhammad bin Talal (1940–2021) and his first wife Princess Firyal (b.1945; née Irshaid). Prince Ghazi's uncle was the late King Hussein of Jordan, and the prince is a first cousin of Jordan's current king, Abdullah II. Prince Ghazi attended Harrow School in the United Kingdom. He went on to graduate with a bachelors degree in comparative literature from Princeton University in 1988. Prince Ghazi obtained a Ph.D. in Modern and Medieval Languages and Literatures from Trinity College, University of Cambridge. His thesis was entitled "<em>What is Falling in Love?: A Study of the Literary Archetype of Love.</em>" The prince holds the position of Chief Advisor to King Abdullah II for Religious and Cultural Affairs and Personal Envoy of King Abdullah II. Prince Ghazi has served as regent for the king in the past.</p>
<p>From their marriage on 4 May 1997 until their divorce in 2021, Prince Ghazi bin Muhammad was married to Princess Areej Ghazi (née Zawawi). The couple had four children: Princess Tasneem (b.1999), Prince Abdullah (b.2001), Princess Jennah (b.2003), and Princess Salsabeel (b.2014). On 18 May 2021, the Royal Hashemite Court announced that Princess Areej Ghazi's title had changed to Princess Areej bint Omar Al Zawawi. These sorts of announcements are typically used by the court to indicate a divorce, which was indeed the case with Ghazi and Areej.</p>
<p><strong><em>Our best wishes to Prince Ghazi and Princess Miriam!</em></strong></p>
</div>
<p><a title="Euro History Journal" href="https://eurohistoryjournal.blogspot.com" target="_blank"><img src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-0OMUjV7ocn4/XQ2qb8hlzQI/AAAAAAAABGw/mMSC1KS8Yl02jzUWLENzZeAYQ8rOkfkwQCK4BGAYYCw/s850/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-04-22%2Bat%2B11.47.40%2BAM-2.png" alt="Euro History Journal" width="413" height="100"></a></p>Maryamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04307942900246346735noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8800950975312332562.post-31812105978077131602022-10-01T16:46:00.000-07:002023-12-10T16:16:36.719-08:00The Queen is Dead; Long Live the King.<p> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeB5-vvTYlL7_MYRe_p1ZISm8YB_NSAgnRQrWB3XGl5I2cAprAJ11HmUjqqf0_buC0NQtYZJX1NXp84Js1QyaW0EEQYcC4wkb1oiV2uLGqEVC0TfwAwRY3wyuoKcfz5Dpg327D-IhoX_tc5xVU_FYdd0Ole8WrbdP2XMtTNezxlcm5f7Eu-1qqNU-x/s2048/262E67F5-5C0B-429E-A1EC-8B156C49FCCA.jpeg"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeB5-vvTYlL7_MYRe_p1ZISm8YB_NSAgnRQrWB3XGl5I2cAprAJ11HmUjqqf0_buC0NQtYZJX1NXp84Js1QyaW0EEQYcC4wkb1oiV2uLGqEVC0TfwAwRY3wyuoKcfz5Dpg327D-IhoX_tc5xVU_FYdd0Ole8WrbdP2XMtTNezxlcm5f7Eu-1qqNU-x/w452-h640/262E67F5-5C0B-429E-A1EC-8B156C49FCCA.jpeg" alt="" width="452" height="640" border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1445"></a></p>
<div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjg1vGhpVoehTkOvo18sVosxE4zhiBaq4XYqDsgB4KKg2h5w400Hmfpp5orufwM86FJCyj1gQzgZPn9XMHhl28Pndq-TvZ2l8ySDBiYuiQ5ziQibMD4rcq_bMXzCTRRllU_UcdeowV5xpcUNNSpWdkbnuK_83MwPdGSdKoHi9pEcmY41KXUPVHV4g4l/s2048/5F0F220F-A1A9-484C-88DF-693A1F319512.jpeg"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjg1vGhpVoehTkOvo18sVosxE4zhiBaq4XYqDsgB4KKg2h5w400Hmfpp5orufwM86FJCyj1gQzgZPn9XMHhl28Pndq-TvZ2l8ySDBiYuiQ5ziQibMD4rcq_bMXzCTRRllU_UcdeowV5xpcUNNSpWdkbnuK_83MwPdGSdKoHi9pEcmY41KXUPVHV4g4l/w640-h612/5F0F220F-A1A9-484C-88DF-693A1F319512.jpeg" alt="" width="640" height="612" border="0" data-original-height="1961" data-original-width="2048"></a></div>
<p><a title="Euro History Journal" href="https://eurohistoryjournal.blogspot.com" target="_blank"><img src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-0OMUjV7ocn4/XQ2qb8hlzQI/AAAAAAAABGw/mMSC1KS8Yl02jzUWLENzZeAYQ8rOkfkwQCK4BGAYYCw/s850/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-04-22%2Bat%2B11.47.40%2BAM-2.png" alt="Euro History Journal" width="413" height="100"></a></p>Maryamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04307942900246346735noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8800950975312332562.post-37496521804032966822022-09-30T11:46:00.000-07:002023-12-10T16:20:03.752-08:00 The Savoys: A Story of Filial Betrayal, Disobedience, and Dynastic Disinheritance<div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-2862678303618864355" itemprop="description articleBody" style=""> <div style="text-align: center;"> <div class="getty embed image" style="background-color:#fff;display:inline-block;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif;color:#a7a7a7;font-size:11px;width:100%;max-width:594px;"><div style="padding:0;margin:0;text-align:left;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221022112547/http://www.gettyimages.co.uk/detail/1012577892" target="_blank" style="color:#a7a7a7;text-decoration:none;font-weight:normal !important;border:none;display:inline-block;">Embed from Getty Images</a></div><div style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;height:0;padding:76.5993265993266% 0 0 0;width:100%;"><iframe src="https://web.archive.org/web/20221022125356if_///embed.gettyimages.com/embed/1012577892?et=MqIL_tSgQO9teYhqlCr2bg&tld=co.uk&sig=dY9WacZwcXIRtFJI-7aNMmUr1pdaMCDIM1k6t2SxWfk=&caption=true&ver=2" scrolling="no" style="display:inline-block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;" data-ruffle-polyfilled="" frameborder="0" width="594px" height="455px"></iframe></div></div><script>window.gie=window.gie||function(c){(gie.q=gie.q||[]).push(c)};gie(function(){gie.widgets.load({id:'MqIL_tSgQO9teYhqlCr2bg',sig:'dY9WacZwcXIRtFJI-7aNMmUr1pdaMCDIM1k6t2SxWfk=',w:'594px',h:'455px',items:'1012577892',caption: true ,tld:'co.uk',is360: false })});</script><script async="" charset="utf-8" src="//web.archive.org/web/20221022125356js_/https://embed-cdn.gettyimages.com/widgets.js"></script>
<div class="getty embed image" style="background-color:#fff;display:inline-block;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif;color:#a7a7a7;font-size:11px;width:100%;max-width:594px;"><div style="padding:0;margin:0;text-align:left;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221022112547/http://www.gettyimages.co.uk/detail/104404115" target="_blank" style="color:#a7a7a7;text-decoration:none;font-weight:normal !important;border:none;display:inline-block;">Embed from Getty Images</a></div><div style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;height:0;padding:71.21212121212122% 0 0 0;width:100%;"><iframe src="https://web.archive.org/web/20221022125356if_///embed.gettyimages.com/embed/104404115?et=N1SjmofsR6dCeR9uMvyvKA&tld=co.uk&sig=HN5rHCljcNcobittaQdIx39LGiDQTlLzHdIeAE0m9gU=&caption=true&ver=2" scrolling="no" style="display:inline-block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;" data-ruffle-polyfilled="" frameborder="0" width="594px" height="423px"></iframe></div></div><script>window.gie=window.gie||function(c){(gie.q=gie.q||[]).push(c)};gie(function(){gie.widgets.load({id:'N1SjmofsR6dCeR9uMvyvKA',sig:'HN5rHCljcNcobittaQdIx39LGiDQTlLzHdIeAE0m9gU=',w:'594px',h:'423px',items:'104404115',caption: true ,tld:'co.uk',is360: false })});</script><script async="" charset="utf-8" src="//web.archive.org/web/20221022125356js_/https://embed-cdn.gettyimages.com/widgets.js"></script>
<div class="getty embed image" style="background-color:#fff;display:inline-block;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif;color:#a7a7a7;font-size:11px;width:100%;max-width:594px;"><div style="padding:0;margin:0;text-align:left;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221022112547/http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/515461904" target="_blank" style="color:#a7a7a7;text-decoration:none;font-weight:normal !important;border:none;display:inline-block;">Embed from Getty Images</a></div><div style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;height:0;padding:79.62962962962963% 0 0 0;width:100%;"><iframe src="https://web.archive.org/web/20221022125356if_///embed.gettyimages.com/embed/515461904?et=wwBM9zwnSjlZ3C_fzg_bpA&tld=com&sig=ZDgNsfxy4q4Mxv-4adA4bYdIN1cs5jZtl2uCFUHzHwI=&caption=true&ver=2" scrolling="no" style="display:inline-block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;" data-ruffle-polyfilled="" frameborder="0" width="594px" height="473px"></iframe></div></div><script>window.gie=window.gie||function(c){(gie.q=gie.q||[]).push(c)};gie(function(){gie.widgets.load({id:'wwBM9zwnSjlZ3C_fzg_bpA',sig:'ZDgNsfxy4q4Mxv-4adA4bYdIN1cs5jZtl2uCFUHzHwI=',w:'594px',h:'473px',items:'515461904',caption: true ,tld:'com',is360: false })});</script><script async="" charset="utf-8" src="//web.archive.org/web/20221022125356js_/https://embed-cdn.gettyimages.com/widgets.js"></script></div> <div style="text-align: center;">
</div> It would be a bit of an understatement to write that King Umberto II of Italy (1904 - 1983) had a complicated relationship with his children, at varying times and in different circumstances. The king's marriage to Queen Marie José (1906 - 2001; née Princess of Belgium) was not a success. Umberto and Marie-José quietly separated after they went into exile in 1946; the deeply Catholic couple never divorced and remained on very cordial terms. Over the decades, it became clear that Umberto had minor issues with the behaviour of his daughters, the three princesses: Maria Pia (b.1934), Maria Gabriella (b.1940), and Maria Beatrice (b.1943).
<div style="text-align: center;"> <div class="getty embed image" style="background-color:#fff;display:inline-block;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif;color:#a7a7a7;font-size:11px;width:100%;max-width:469px;"><div style="padding:0;margin:0;text-align:left;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221022112547/http://www.gettyimages.co.uk/detail/104404143" target="_blank" style="color:#a7a7a7;text-decoration:none;font-weight:normal !important;border:none;display:inline-block;">Embed from Getty Images</a></div><div style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;height:0;padding:126.65245202558634% 0 0 0;width:100%;"><iframe src="https://web.archive.org/web/20221022125356if_///embed.gettyimages.com/embed/104404143?et=rHl-dvJCQiVt_0NRhrOeYA&tld=co.uk&sig=6RWbq2f2ee6wnDTnVSHdKBO4Mcgyk-Retqdpan5k5-A=&caption=true&ver=2" scrolling="no" style="display:inline-block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;" data-ruffle-polyfilled="" frameborder="0" width="469px" height="594px"></iframe></div></div><script>window.gie=window.gie||function(c){(gie.q=gie.q||[]).push(c)};gie(function(){gie.widgets.load({id:'rHl-dvJCQiVt_0NRhrOeYA',sig:'6RWbq2f2ee6wnDTnVSHdKBO4Mcgyk-Retqdpan5k5-A=',w:'469px',h:'594px',items:'104404143',caption: true ,tld:'co.uk',is360: false })});</script><script async="" charset="utf-8" src="//web.archive.org/web/20221022125356js_/https://embed-cdn.gettyimages.com/widgets.js"></script></div> <div style="text-align: center;">
</div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <div class="getty embed image" style="background-color:#fff;display:inline-block;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif;color:#a7a7a7;font-size:11px;width:100%;max-width:594px;"><div style="padding:0;margin:0;text-align:left;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221022112547/http://www.gettyimages.co.uk/detail/104404145" target="_blank" style="color:#a7a7a7;text-decoration:none;font-weight:normal !important;border:none;display:inline-block;">Embed from Getty Images</a></div><div style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;height:0;padding:75.92592592592592% 0 0 0;width:100%;"><iframe src="https://web.archive.org/web/20221022125356if_///embed.gettyimages.com/embed/104404145?et=1fVPiUPmSuVvzjP9NZvoYA&tld=co.uk&sig=MwAn8sO6lKG9b0c25l8Z0Gdg9Rz3mjZJOCikG8dXLfs=&caption=true&ver=2" scrolling="no" style="display:inline-block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;" data-ruffle-polyfilled="" frameborder="0" width="594px" height="451px"></iframe></div></div><script>window.gie=window.gie||function(c){(gie.q=gie.q||[]).push(c)};gie(function(){gie.widgets.load({id:'1fVPiUPmSuVvzjP9NZvoYA',sig:'MwAn8sO6lKG9b0c25l8Z0Gdg9Rz3mjZJOCikG8dXLfs=',w:'594px',h:'451px',items:'104404145',caption: true ,tld:'co.uk',is360: false })});</script><script async="" charset="utf-8" src="//web.archive.org/web/20221022125356js_/https://embed-cdn.gettyimages.com/widgets.js"></script></div> <div style="text-align: center;">
</div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <div class="getty embed image" style="background-color:#fff;display:inline-block;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif;color:#a7a7a7;font-size:11px;width:100%;max-width:594px;"><div style="padding:0;margin:0;text-align:left;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221022112547/http://www.gettyimages.co.uk/detail/104404130" target="_blank" style="color:#a7a7a7;text-decoration:none;font-weight:normal !important;border:none;display:inline-block;">Embed from Getty Images</a></div><div style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;height:0;padding:73.9057239057239% 0 0 0;width:100%;"><iframe src="https://web.archive.org/web/20221022125356if_///embed.gettyimages.com/embed/104404130?et=9Al-i24FR7l9W6BEENDpLQ&tld=co.uk&sig=cVjthIyYbAxwITmNfNf00y03-j5RwP1Qi06TLswD-BQ=&caption=true&ver=2" scrolling="no" style="display:inline-block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;" data-ruffle-polyfilled="" frameborder="0" width="594px" height="439px"></iframe></div></div><script>window.gie=window.gie||function(c){(gie.q=gie.q||[]).push(c)};gie(function(){gie.widgets.load({id:'9Al-i24FR7l9W6BEENDpLQ',sig:'cVjthIyYbAxwITmNfNf00y03-j5RwP1Qi06TLswD-BQ=',w:'594px',h:'439px',items:'104404130',caption: true ,tld:'co.uk',is360: false })});</script><script async="" charset="utf-8" src="//web.archive.org/web/20221022125356js_/https://embed-cdn.gettyimages.com/widgets.js"></script></div>
However, King Umberto's most complex father/child relationship was with his only son, Vittorio Emanuele (b.1937), the Prince of Naples. For over a decade, the king and the prince were caught up in the latter's persistent intention on contracting a morganatic marriage to which his father could not legally grant his consent. The first object of Vittorio Emanuele's affection was Dominique Claudel. The second object of Vittorio Emanuele's adoration was Marina Doria, who the prince morganatically married in 1971.
<table class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lK6ryFJphO8/Xh_heL2Wp-I/AAAAAAAACrk/vhazYD2tGoIc1xs2VXP8XlSGwBku6EKBwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Screen%2BShot%2B2020-01-15%2Bat%2B11.06.47%2BPM.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img data-original-height="515" data-original-width="634" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lK6ryFJphO8/Xh_heL2Wp-I/AAAAAAAACrk/vhazYD2tGoIc1xs2VXP8XlSGwBku6EKBwCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Screen%2BShot%2B2020-01-15%2Bat%2B11.06.47%2BPM.png" style="" width="640" border="0" height="518"></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Prince Victor Emanuel of Savoy and his first fiancée Dominique Claudel.
Photograph (c) La Stampa.</td></tr> </tbody></table> Beginning in the early 1960s, King Umberto II of Italy wrote a series of letters to his only son Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples. The king also wrote to his wife Queen Marie José, so that the queen would be aware of the issues that their son was bringing to the forefront by his insistence on wedding a young woman without the consent of the Head of the Royal House (i.e. his father the King). In the correspondence, King Umberto made it clear that he could not, and would not, consent to the marriage of the Prince of Naples with an unequal spouse. The first object of Vittorio Emanuele's affection was Dominique Claudel, the granddaughter of French poet Paul Claudel (1868 - 1955). The prince and Dominique Claudel were in a relationship between 1958 - 1962.
<div style="text-align: center;"> <div class="getty embed image" style="background-color:#fff;display:inline-block;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif;color:#a7a7a7;font-size:11px;width:100%;max-width:404px;"><div style="padding:0;margin:0;text-align:left;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221022112547/http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/1125951684" target="_blank" style="color:#a7a7a7;text-decoration:none;font-weight:normal !important;border:none;display:inline-block;">Embed from Getty Images</a></div><div style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;height:0;padding:147.02970297029702% 0 0 0;width:100%;"><iframe src="https://web.archive.org/web/20221022125356if_///embed.gettyimages.com/embed/1125951684?et=KZ61uP4mRad_ECxk3si-pA&tld=com&sig=tKLee8XPQAHlAb6s40fNxta7ZjCA3BGT4ITC2Ta_Pk0=&caption=true&ver=2" scrolling="no" style="display:inline-block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;" data-ruffle-polyfilled="" frameborder="0" width="404px" height="594px"></iframe></div></div><script>window.gie=window.gie||function(c){(gie.q=gie.q||[]).push(c)};gie(function(){gie.widgets.load({id:'KZ61uP4mRad_ECxk3si-pA',sig:'tKLee8XPQAHlAb6s40fNxta7ZjCA3BGT4ITC2Ta_Pk0=',w:'404px',h:'594px',items:'1125951684',caption: true ,tld:'com',is360: false })});</script><script async="" charset="utf-8" src="//web.archive.org/web/20221022125356js_/https://embed-cdn.gettyimages.com/widgets.js"></script></div>
On 24 January 1960, King Umberto II sent a very brief note to his wife Queen Marie José. The English-translation of the text reads as follows:
<blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>D. J. [Dear José,]</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Vigliano and Prunas are taking my letter to Vittorio. As agreed I am enclosing a copy for you.</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>I am sure that you will make Vittorio understand the importance of this letter!</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Affectionately yours,</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Nice, 24 - I - ‘60</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>U.</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>P.S. If I can, I would like to return to Courchevel at the end of February. I hope to find Vittorio there too.</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>U.</i></blockquote> Source: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070710000756/http://www.realcasadisavoia.it/files/lettere/19600124_UIIaMJ_en.pdf">24 Gennaio 1960. Lettera accompagnatoria di Umberto II alla regina Maria José</a>
The king was attempting to solicit the queen's support in guaranteeing that their son took to heart the contents of the letter that the king had written to the Prince of Naples, Umberto and Marie José's only son, on 25 January 1960.
<table class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-eV8Ct_2-xOY/Xh_b_qsPSoI/AAAAAAAACrQ/ThtboAUN4AEseq8qtTqO4dFg1JE-SDifwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/10365307_324876017666488_9095493605664692005_o.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img data-original-height="960" data-original-width="729" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-eV8Ct_2-xOY/Xh_b_qsPSoI/AAAAAAAACrQ/ThtboAUN4AEseq8qtTqO4dFg1JE-SDifwCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/10365307_324876017666488_9095493605664692005_o.jpg" width="486" border="0" height="640"></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">King Umberto II's letter to his son dated 25 January 1960.</td></tr></tbody></table><div>
</div><div> The letter of 25 January 1960 concerned Vittorio Emauele's attachment with Dominique Claudel. Umberto made it clear that he would not grant his consent for the Prince of Naples to contract a dynastic marriage with Mademoiselle Claudel. In no uncertain terms, King Umberto told Prince Vittorio Emanuele that should the Prince of Naples forsake his duty, and contract a marriage without the sovereign's approval, then the king would inform all European sovereigns and Heads of House that Prince Amedeo, Duke of Aosta, would be next in the line of succession after the King. The following is the English-translation text of the letter:
<blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Cascais, 25 January 1960</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Dear Vittorio,</i><i>
</i><i>
</i><i>As I told you last November in Cascais, and now that there has more and more talk in the last few days (leaped upon by the Italian and foreign press) of the likelihood of your marriage to Miss Dominique Claudel (rumours which can cause considerable damage to you, to me and to the entire family), I am writing to you to make perfectly sure that you are aware of the situation you would find yourself in if you were to marry Miss Claudel.</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>A situation which involves the laws of our House, in force for 29 generations and respected by 43 Heads of the Family, my predecessors, who have all succeeded in accordance with the Salic law through marriages contracted with the families of Sovereigns. As the 44th Head of the Family I have no intention, any more than I have the right, to change the law in spite of my affection for you. But even if I were to fail in my duty and proceed, it would be completely useless since nobody would be prepared to recognize the validity of my attempt.</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>As a consequence of your marriage to Miss Claudel you would be deprived of any right to succeed as Head of the House of Savoy and as pretender to the throne of Italy, losing your titles and rank and finding yourself reduced to the condition of a private citizen.</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>In so doing all your rights would immediately pass to my nephew, Amedeo the Duke of Aosta.</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Such an irrevocable decision, which I would be forced to make with firmness and with pain, I would communicate to each and every member of our House, and to all the Sovereigns and Heads of the Royal families. It would likewise be made known to the Italians, especially in regard to the forfeiture of your present title of Prince of Naples.</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>In view of the affection I have for you and care for your happiness, I should like to hope that you will give your attention to the serious decisions of life, and particularly those which are definitive, since for me and for the religious traditions of our House matrimony is an indissoluble sacrament. Therefore the decision you make today will either open or close your prospects of succession to every right I possess.</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>An affectionate embrace,</i><i>
</i><i>
</i><i>Your Papa</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>P.S.: Since you aware of all the elements for the decision you take, I would like you to be quite clear about what the consequences will be regarding your material inheritance; any consideration of a material character must of course come second to those of a moral character:</i><i>
</i><i>
</i><i>I. By changing my present will my legacy will eventually be divided into equal parts between you and your sisters, since there would no longer be any reason for special treatment in your favour;</i><i>
</i><i>
</i><i>II. The same obviously applies to any other source of income which through heredity, donation or any other cause of which you might in due course come into possession;</i><i>
</i><i>
</i><i>III. Persons who have arranged to make you their sole heir as my successor have already communicated to me that they immediately intend to revoke their decision;</i><i>
</i><i>
</i><i>IV. The Italian friends who have helped me over these difficult years have already given me to understand, quite firmly too, though in a respectful form, that they would suspend any further transfer, and this would probably compel me to reduce your monthly cheque. Not to mention the serious damage this decision of our Italian friends would mean for your sisters.</i><i>
</i><i>
</i><i>V. At the same time the eventual rights that I am entitled to as Head of the House, obviously could not be passed on to you.</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Read and confirmed Vittorio Emanuele di Savoia</i></blockquote> Source: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070709233656/http://www.realcasadisavoia.it/files/lettere/19600125_UIIaVE_en.pdf">25 Gennaio 1960. Lettera di Umberto II al figlio Vittorio Emanuele</a>
An addendum that extrapolates upon the contents of King Umberto's letter of 25 January 1960 to his son is provided below:
<blockquote class="tr_bq"> <b>Explanatory note to the King’s letter of 25 January 1960.</b> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> Although King Umberto II’s letter is perfectly clear and exhaustive as to meaning and consequences, it might be worthwhile to highlight one aspect. </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> Amongst other thing, the king writes: "I do not intend, nor do I have the right, to change" the law on marriages in the family. This sentence does not simply lay stress on the sense of "I do not want, and, even if I wanted, I am unable." Actually it carries a much wider and definitive meaning which indicates the king’s unwillingness to grant consent to a marriage which, in his view, inadequately represents the image of the Royal House, and consequently the king finds himself in the position of being unable to change the dynastic law which, if broken, inflicts the sanction of loss of dynastic rights. Obviously this destitution also hits the direct descendents, i.e. any male child of the marriage who, even before birth or conception, is powerless to acquire any rights of the kind. </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> Ultimately, in explaining, beyond any possible misunderstanding, the exact significance of the dynastic norm, the force of which being confirmed, King Umberto refers to the automatic process of the distinctive mechanism of the sanctions, which in the first place results in the "immediate" loss, as he puts it, of dynastic rights, and therefore requires no further provision. On the other hand, as the king explains, since the dynastic law refers to a religious, catholic marriage, whether with civil effect, originating in an unbreakable bond, either in the case where the royal consent is granted, or in the case where royal consent is absent, the effects (positive in the first place, negative in the second) are definitive and irrevocable. </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> It is hardly necessary to point out that a marriage which is solely civil, like Victor Emmanuel’s in Las Vegas, constitutes a twofold violation of the family law. </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> Equally plain, in view of what has been said and expressly stated by the king, is the identity of the successor named by the dynastic law of the House of Savoy, i.e. the king’s “nephew," Prince Amedeo of Savoy, Duke of Aosta.</blockquote> Source: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070709234312/http://www.realcasadisavoia.it/files/lettere/19600125_nota_en.pdf">Explanatory note</a>
The Prince of Naples responded to King Umberto's letter on 15 April 1960 - three months after it was received. Vittorio Emanuele's letter to his father read as follows:
<blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Dear Papa,</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>I can hardly fail to recognize the scrupulousness with which you have so patiently and carefully explained the situation in which I would find myself if I should decide to renounce my prerogatives and marry a woman – whoever she might be – who is not of royal blood. Day by day the situation becomes clearer to me on the moral side as well as the strictly dynastic issue. Also the consequences as regards inheritance are now becoming more and more apparent. I can only acknowledge your scrupulous attitude and thank you with all my heart. Now it is my turn to review the question, to meditate and come to a decision.</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>I would also like to take the opportunity to thank you for your offer of a chance to take my mind of these matters, such as the trip to Africa, and perhaps to Argentina. But as I have already told you I want first to try another way, by becoming a “broker”.</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>As soon as I have the concrete elements in hand, i.e. after the discussions in Geneva with Merryl Lynch & Co. I shall let you know how it turns out.</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Cascais, 15 April 1960.</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Vittorio Emanuele</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>P.S. Please excuse this typewritten letter, but as you know my hand is still in plaster.</i></blockquote> Source: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070709235930/http://www.realcasadisavoia.it/files/lettere/19600415_VEaUII_en.pdf">15 Aprile 1960. Risposta di Vittorio Emanuele alla lettera del padre</a>
<div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <div class="getty embed image" style="background-color:#fff;display:inline-block;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif;color:#a7a7a7;font-size:11px;width:100%;max-width:467px;"><div style="padding:0;margin:0;text-align:left;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221022112547/http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/514897822" target="_blank" style="color:#a7a7a7;text-decoration:none;font-weight:normal !important;border:none;display:inline-block;">Embed from Getty Images</a></div><div style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;height:0;padding:127.19486081370451% 0 0 0;width:100%;"><iframe src="https://web.archive.org/web/20221022125356if_///embed.gettyimages.com/embed/514897822?et=VyXhXL-NR755l8lgXVwnJA&tld=com&sig=mHCTJhUJqoH7PXgzxM4seWvz-47Hy74fiXC6A1ikVFk=&caption=true&ver=2" scrolling="no" style="display:inline-block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;" data-ruffle-polyfilled="" frameborder="0" width="467px" height="594px"></iframe></div></div><script>window.gie=window.gie||function(c){(gie.q=gie.q||[]).push(c)};gie(function(){gie.widgets.load({id:'VyXhXL-NR755l8lgXVwnJA',sig:'mHCTJhUJqoH7PXgzxM4seWvz-47Hy74fiXC6A1ikVFk=',w:'467px',h:'594px',items:'514897822',caption: true ,tld:'com',is360: false })});</script><script async="" charset="utf-8" src="//web.archive.org/web/20221022125356js_/https://embed-cdn.gettyimages.com/widgets.js"></script></div>
Subsequent missives from the king to his son concerned Vittorio Emanuele's romance with Marina Doria (b.1935). The king stressed on several occasions that his consent would be impossible to give due to the fact that Marina was not of equal rank to Vittorio Emanuele. Furthermore, Umberto noted that he believed he would be in violation of the laws governing the succession of the Royal House of Savoy if he did consent (even if he was personally inclined to do so, which he was not) to the Prince of Naples marrying Marina Doria.
In July 1963, Vittorio Emanuele di Savoia and Marina Doria gave an interview to the Italian magazine <i>Oggi</i>. In the article, the couple discussed their plans to marry. When word of this interview reached King Umberto in Portugal, he sent his son the following letter:
<blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Dear Vittorio!</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>I just came across your interview in “Oggi”: If this truly represents your state of mind – and I must ask you to let me know as soon as possible with the utmost clarity – the thing I particularly regret is that you felt no need to talk or write to me beforehand, since parts of the matters in discussion directly concern me.</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>While I am expecting a letter from you about your matrimonial projects, I can only repeat word for word what I wrote to you 23 January 1960 concerning a similar situation.</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>As you very well know I am solely motivated by my affection for you and my desire to assure for you the best of futures, but one which can never contrast with the way we have always done things in our family.</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>I embrace you</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Cascais, 18 July 1963.</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Your Papa</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Second copy of the letter, to be returned to me signed on receipt</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> [handwritten by Vittorio Emanuele] </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>25-VII (?)-63</i> </blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq"><i>Vittorio Emanuele di Savoia </i> </blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq"><i>The interview does not correspond to what I think.</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> [Editor’s note: this letter concerns Marina Doria.]</blockquote> Source: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070709233357/http://www.realcasadisavoia.it/files/lettere/19630718_UIIaVE_en.pdf">18 Luglio 1963. Lettera di Umberto II al figlio in merito all'articolo pubblicato da "Oggi".</a>
In an attempt to overcome his father's opposition to his desired marriage, Vittorio Emanuele proclaimed himself "King of Italy" as "Re Vittorio Emanuele IV" on 15 December 1969. The Prince of Naples thus attempted to dethrone his own father, His Majesty King Umberto II.
<blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>15-12-69 </i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Vittorio Emanuele IV</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>King of Italy</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>With the affection of a son but the loyalty of a king, having reached the legal age of majority, and therefore maturity of intellect and heart, by Our serious knowledge and will, upon the advice of Our council, we have formulated the following principles for safeguarding the nation and the Dynasty:</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Art. 1 – The Statute of the Kingdom, sanctioned and issued under the law n. 674 on 4 March 1848 by Our magnanimous forebear, Carlo Alberto, was extended to all the States of the Kingdom of Sardinia and became the fundamental Statute of the Kingdom of Italy with the law of 21 April 1867 no. 1.</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Art. 2 – The laws of 27 July 1860, 17 August 1867, 11 April 1870 and 11 May 1871, sanction a xxx [meaning] to Act. 1 of the Statute which accomplished the entire freedom of the Italian State x from any interference on the part of the Church.</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Art. 3 – Nothing, however, had ever been added to the Statute to question its "perpetual and irrevocable" character, when on 25 June 1944 – in the reign of Our magnanimous forebear, Vittorio Emanuele III – the Lieutenant General of the Kingdom, with his own Edict n. 151, instituted a constituent assembly to discuss "the new State constitution."</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>With another Edict law of 16 March 1946 n. 28 the Lieutenant established that the monarchical- representative form of the State government would be submitted to a "referendum of the people" which was carried by a simple majority of the votes, and was thus replaced by a republican form. Hence the Statute was not legitimately abrogated but xxxxxstatly violated and consequently it remains to this day "the fundamental, perpetual and irrevocable law of the monarchy."</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Art. 4 - Acts which Our beloved and for me x xxx Fxxx Ma [?] later performed, being King of Italy, such as the dissolution from the oath of loyalty to His Person by the Royal Armed Forces; the consequent succession of His powers on the part of the government which He himself considered rebellious, as well as using irregular practices in scrutiny; and His departure – to all appearances voluntary – from the national territory on the conclusion of the Farewell military ceremony held for the event, constitute an unquestionable abdication from the Throne.</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Art. 5 – Under article 2 of the Statute "ipso pure" we would succeed Him in his condition as virtual Sovereign of the Kingdom of Italy and as sole legitimate pretender to the Throne.</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Art. 6 – This succession having taken effect, we are also entitled to assume the right of legitimate Head of the Savoy Dynasty, and such rights as we shall exercise from this time forth, tempered only by the discretion that the physical and moral state of His Majesty, the ex-King Umberto II advises Our conscience as son.</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Signed in Geneva, on the 15 of the month of December of the year 1969. </i><i>
</i><i>Royal Edict n. 1</i></blockquote> </div> <div> Source: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070710055051/http://www.realcasadisavoia.it/files/comunicati/20060707_allegato2_en.pdf">Allegato 2</a>
The day after he "dethroned" his father, on 16 December 1969, Vittorio Emanuele of Savoy issued a "royal decree" in which he conferred upon his fiancée Marina Ricolfi Doria the title of Duchess of Sant'Anna di Valdieri. Vittorio Emanuele took this action so that his intended, Marina Doria, would be considered an "equal bride" if he married her. The second royal degree of "Il Re Vittorio Emanuele IV" can be read below:
<blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>We</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Vittorio Emanuele IV, King of Italy</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>By virtue of art. 79 of the Statute of the Kingdom</i><i>
</i><i>Decree:</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Single article.</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Upon Marina Doria Ricolfi the title of Duchessa di S. Anna di Valdieri has been conferred.</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Signed in Geneva On the 16 December in the year 1969</i><i>
</i><i>Royal Edict n. 2</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Vittorio Emanuele di Savoia [entirely written by hand]</i></blockquote> </div> <div> Source: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070710054110/http://www.realcasadisavoia.it/files/comunicati/20060707_allegato1_en.pdf">Allegato 1</a>
King Umberto II of Italy died on 18 March 1983 at Geneva, Switzerland. The executors of his estate were the following persons: HM King Simeon II of Bulgaria, HRH Landgrave Moritz of Hesse, and Baron <span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: small;">Guib</span>ert d'Udekem de Guertechin.<span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: small;"> King Simeon of Bulgaria (b.1937) was Umberto's </span><span style="font-family: "times";">nephew</span><span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: small;"> through his sister Princess Giovanna's marriage to King Boris III of Bulgaria. Landgrave Moritz of Hesse (1926 - 2013) was Umberto's nephew through his sister Princess Mafalda's marriage to Langrave Philip of Hesse. </span><span style="font-family: "times";">Guibert d’Udekem </span>de Guertechin<span style="font-family: "times";"> was a Belgian aristocrat.</span>
<span style="font-family: "times";">
</span>
<table class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Jtja7ZVYWFU/Xh_XKEp1QqI/AAAAAAAACrE/SmdVgVvMzrM_5-9oq5DZovgHLszsxPh-ACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Screen%2BShot%2B2020-01-15%2Bat%2B10.22.57%2BPM.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img data-original-height="614" data-original-width="472" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Jtja7ZVYWFU/Xh_XKEp1QqI/AAAAAAAACrE/SmdVgVvMzrM_5-9oq5DZovgHLszsxPh-ACLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Screen%2BShot%2B2020-01-15%2Bat%2B10.22.57%2BPM.png" width="490" border="0" height="640"></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Statement of the Savoy Family on 5 December 1983.</td></tr> </tbody></table> </div><div><div class="page" title="Page 4"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p>On 5 December 1983 at Cascais, the widowed Queen Marie-José of Italy as well as her daughters Princess Maria Pia, Princess Maria Gabriella, and Princess Maria Beatrice all signed a statement purporting to recognise their son/brother Vittorio Emanuele as Head of the Royal House of Savoy. The statement was co-signed by the three executors of the late king's will. It was filed at Lausanne on 7 December 1983. The English translation of the statement read as follows: </p><blockquote class="tr_bq"><i><span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: small;">The undersigned heirs of H.M. the King, Umberto II, recognize that Prince Vittorio-Emanuele, as Head of the House of Savoy, is Grand Master of the Most Holy Order of the Annunciation and the Order of Saints </span><span style="font-family: "times";">Maurice</span><span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: small;"> and Lazarus, and that he is the keeper of the Great Collars of the Order aforementioned.</span></i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 12pt;"><i>Cascais, 5 December 1983</i></span> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 12pt;"><i>Marie José</i></span><span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 12pt;"><i>
</i></span><span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 12pt;"><i>Maria Pia of Savoy </i></span><span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 12pt;"><i>
</i></span><span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 12pt;"><i>Maria Gabriella of Savoy </i></span><span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 12pt;"><i>
</i></span><span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 12pt;"><i>Maria Beatrice of Savoy</i></span><span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 12pt;"><i>
</i></span><span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 12pt;"><i>
</i></span><span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 12pt;"><i>Simeon of Saxe-Coburg </i></span><span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 12pt;"><i>
</i></span><span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 12pt;"><i>Moritz of Hesse </i></span><span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 12pt;"><i>
</i></span><span style="font-family: "times"; font-size: 12pt;"><i>Guibert d'Udekem</i></span> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Lausanne, 7 Dec. 1983</i></blockquote>
Following is the original text of the document in French:
<blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Les héritiers soussignés de S.M. le Roi Humbert II reconnaissent que le Prince Victor-Emmanuel, en tant que Chef de la Maison de Savoie, est Grand Maître du très Saint Ordre de l’Annonciade et de l’Ordre des Saints Maurice et Lazare, et qu’il est dépositaire des Grands Colliers du premier Ordre.</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Cascais, le 5 décembre 1983</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Marie José</i> </blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq"><i>Maria Pia de Savoie
</i><i>Maria Gabriella di Savoia
</i><i>Maria Beatrice di Savoia</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Simeone di Sassonia Coburgo
</i><i>Maurizio d’Assia</i><i>Guibert d’Udekeim</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Copie ou photocopie certifiée conforme à l’original Lausanne le 7 DEC. 1983</i></blockquote> </div> <div class="column"> In 2006, the late Prince Amedeo of Savoy, Duke of Aosta (later titled as Duke of Savoy), make it public that he was taking his rightful place as the Head of the Royal House of Savoy. Almost immediately, half of the offspring of King Umberto II make it clear that they were fully in support of their cousin's decision. Princess Maria Gabriella, who has kept the legacy of her parents alive through her preservation of historical documents related to the dynasty, was one of the the strongest advocates of Prince Amedeo. Maria Gabriella was joined by her sister Maria Beatrice in supporting their cousin Amedeo.
<table class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-motfsdNP63s/XipVHctsX6I/AAAAAAAAC3Y/ArrDIf-KX4QNANfJd3MOYRqiQFUP9SX9ACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/M.G.-e-S..jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img data-original-height="1170" data-original-width="1600" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-motfsdNP63s/XipVHctsX6I/AAAAAAAAC3Y/ArrDIf-KX4QNANfJd3MOYRqiQFUP9SX9ACLcBGAsYHQ/s640/M.G.-e-S..jpg" width="640" border="0" height="468"></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Princess Silvia and Princess Maria Gabriella of Savoy.
Photograph (c) Real Casa di Savoia.</td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-XP-sTWMGNdM/XipQrKagM8I/AAAAAAAAC3M/fiof3mNDAxMLEkZ8rpnJTn5Vl1dRb14lACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/CapodannoSavoia_DSC0067.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img data-original-height="1063" data-original-width="1600" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-XP-sTWMGNdM/XipQrKagM8I/AAAAAAAAC3M/fiof3mNDAxMLEkZ8rpnJTn5Vl1dRb14lACLcBGAsYHQ/s640/CapodannoSavoia_DSC0067.jpg" width="640" border="0" height="424"></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Princess Silvia, Prince Amedeo, and Princess Maria Gabriella of Savoy.
Photograph (c) Real Casa di Savoia.</td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-A68d6Ah32XM/XipPRUR6AMI/AAAAAAAAC3A/WiWZ2W4ZNFAG48XJlYbHPMOGHNCcr83DgCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Venaria.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img data-original-height="300" data-original-width="450" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-A68d6Ah32XM/XipPRUR6AMI/AAAAAAAAC3A/WiWZ2W4ZNFAG48XJlYbHPMOGHNCcr83DgCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Venaria.jpg" border="0"></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Princess Maria Gabriella, Prince Aimone, and Prince Amedeo of Savoy in 2009.
Photograph (c) Real Casa di Savoia.</td></tr> </tbody></table> On 8 March 2005, Princess Maria Gabriella of Savoy wrote a letter to a person close to the Royal Family. In her letter, the princess make it clear that she, her sisters, and her mother, had no right to acknowledge her brother Vittorio Emanuele as the Head of the Royal House of Savoy upon the death of King Umberto in 1983. The text of her communication is found below:
<table class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-HFh-xEgEg4I/Xio_Bzzb4AI/AAAAAAAAC18/fygSHMZpShMYO3dAXcgHjgnpTwXrtXKCwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Screen%2BShot%2B2020-01-23%2Bat%2B7.44.32%2BPM.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img data-original-height="609" data-original-width="927" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-HFh-xEgEg4I/Xio_Bzzb4AI/AAAAAAAAC18/fygSHMZpShMYO3dAXcgHjgnpTwXrtXKCwCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Screen%2BShot%2B2020-01-23%2Bat%2B7.44.32%2BPM.png" width="640" border="0" height="420"></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Princess Maria Gabriella's letter of 8 March 2015.</td></tr> </tbody></table> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Dear ------,</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>(Personal communications)</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>As for my Father's last will and testament, I can confirm that my sisters and I made a declaration in Vittorio's favour in regard to the dynastic orders, to prevent his feeling entirely excluded from the moral heritage of our House as resulted from the King's dispositions. We put our signatures to this declaration on 5 December 1983, but, on further consideration, neither we, nor our mother, nor the executors of the will, had the power to do so.</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Affectionately,</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>8 III 2005</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Maria Gabriella</i></blockquote> </div> <div class="column"> Source: <a href="http://olgopinions.blog.kataweb.it/files/2010/04/20050308_lettera_maria_gabriella_di_savoia.pdf">8 marzo 2005. Lettera di S.A.R. la P.ssa Reale Maria Gabriella di Savoia in merito alla dichiarazione del 5 dicembre 1983</a>
<table class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tbody> <tr><td><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1U5Xid7_dUA/XipBYr6NskI/AAAAAAAAC2I/pml1J7dtvqQHOz743NjLgALtDKYCbm_qwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Screen%2BShot%2B2020-01-23%2Bat%2B7.52.15%2BPM.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img data-original-height="697" data-original-width="954" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1U5Xid7_dUA/XipBYr6NskI/AAAAAAAAC2I/pml1J7dtvqQHOz743NjLgALtDKYCbm_qwCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Screen%2BShot%2B2020-01-23%2Bat%2B7.52.15%2BPM.png" width="640" border="0" height="466"></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">Princess Maria Beatrice of Savoy's letter to her sister Princess Maria Gabriella.
31 March 2007.</td></tr> </tbody></table> On 31 March 2007, Maria Beatrice sent a letter to her sister Princess Maria Gabriella of Savoy. In this communication, Maria Beatrice affirmed to her sister Maria Gabriella that they had no power to recognise their brother as the successor of their father. The letter from Maria Beatrice to Maria Gabriella may be found below, in its Italian/English/French forms.
<table class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ECN3DYMNocQ/XipO2vSoIyI/AAAAAAAAC24/dcfExWUcMhgPFGJ9FPs5x854ZkhoY7jKACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/A.-S.-e-M.Beatrice.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img data-original-height="1252" data-original-width="1600" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ECN3DYMNocQ/XipO2vSoIyI/AAAAAAAAC24/dcfExWUcMhgPFGJ9FPs5x854ZkhoY7jKACLcBGAsYHQ/s640/A.-S.-e-M.Beatrice.jpg" width="640" border="0" height="500"></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Princess Silvia, Prince Amedeo, and Princess Maria Beatrice of Savoy.
Photograph (c) Real Casa di Savoia.</td></tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div class="column"> The English translation of the March 2007 letter from Maria Beatrice of Savoy to Maria Gabriella of Savoy is as follows:
<blockquote class="tr_bq"> <b><i>Letter from H.R.H. Princess Maria Beatrice of Savoy to her sister, H.R.H. Princess Maria Gabriella of Savoy.</i> </b></blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Dear Ella,</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Having read your letter of the eighth of March 2005 about our recognition in Vittorio’s favour concerning the question of the Orders, I find myself entirely in agreement.</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>I embrace you, Maria Beatrice</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>31 March 2007</i></blockquote> </div> <div class="column"> The letter of Maria Beatrice of her sister Maria Gabriella in its original Italian:
<blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Lettera di S.A.R. la Principessa Reale Maria Beatrice di Savoia alla sorella S.A.R. la Principessa Reale Maria Gabriella di Savoia.</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Cara Ella,</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>ho letto la tua lettera dell’otto marzo 2005 a proposito del riconoscimento a favore di Vittorio per gli Ordini con la quale mi trovi pienamente d’accordo.</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Ti abbraccio, Maria Beatrice</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>31 marzo 2007</i></blockquote> The French translation of the March 2007 letter from Maria Beatrice of Savoy to Maria Gabriella of Savoy is as follows:
<blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Lettre de S.A.R. la Princesse Marie-Béatrice de Savoie</i><i>à sa sœur S.A.R. la Princesse Marie-Gabrielle de Savoie.</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Ma chère Ella,</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>J’ai lu ta lettre du 8 mars 2005 concernant la reconnaissance faite à Victor à propos des ordres dynasti- ques; je suis en complet accord avec elle.</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Je t’embrasse, Marie-Béatrice</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>31 mars 2007</i></blockquote> </div> <div class="column"> Source: <a href="http://olgopinions.blog.kataweb.it/files/2010/04/20070331_lettera_maria_beatrice_di_savoia.pdf">31 marzo 2007. Lettera di S.A.R. la P.ssa Reale Maria Beatrice di Savoia alla sorella S.A.R. la P.ssa Reale Maria Gabriella di Savoia in merito alla dichiarazione del 5 dicembre 1983</a></div> <div class="column"> <i>
</i></div> <div class="column"> <table class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tbody> <tr><td><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Dp5kMdB3pFs/XipC4SJZvkI/AAAAAAAAC2U/5o2WbwipmfAaQ2hWKi3vCEWWbwJd7jVKQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Screen%2BShot%2B2020-01-23%2Bat%2B8.03.51%2BPM.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img data-original-height="662" data-original-width="535" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Dp5kMdB3pFs/XipC4SJZvkI/AAAAAAAAC2U/5o2WbwipmfAaQ2hWKi3vCEWWbwJd7jVKQCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Screen%2BShot%2B2020-01-23%2Bat%2B8.03.51%2BPM.png" width="516" border="0" height="640"></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">King Simeon of Bulgaria's letter of Princesses Maria Gabriella and Maria Beatrice.
9 May 2007.</td></tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div class="column"> The next family member, and an executor of King Umberto II's legacy, to take part in the Savoy dynastic issue was King Simeon II of Bulgaria. On 9 May 2007, King Simeon sent a letter to his first cousins, Princesses Maria Gabriella and Maria Beatrice of Savoy. In his letter, the Bulgarian king made it clear that he had never recognised Vittorio Emanuele as the Head of the Royal House of Savoy in 1983.</div> <div class="column">
</div> <div class="column" style="text-align: center;"> <div class="getty embed image" style="background-color:#fff;display:inline-block;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif;color:#a7a7a7;font-size:11px;width:100%;max-width:594px;"><div style="padding:0;margin:0;text-align:left;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221022112547/http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/828636286" target="_blank" style="color:#a7a7a7;text-decoration:none;font-weight:normal !important;border:none;display:inline-block;">Embed from Getty Images</a></div><div style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;height:0;padding:73.23232323232324% 0 0 0;width:100%;"><iframe src="https://web.archive.org/web/20221022125356if_///embed.gettyimages.com/embed/828636286?et=M6lUodBjRrV7VZHiXa-ssw&tld=com&sig=rFGZqo9RtA8lAFPq20kLoYPZvxksXe_ozuv5i_KMX-I=&caption=true&ver=2" scrolling="no" style="display:inline-block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;" data-ruffle-polyfilled="" frameborder="0" width="594px" height="435px"></iframe></div></div><script>window.gie=window.gie||function(c){(gie.q=gie.q||[]).push(c)};gie(function(){gie.widgets.load({id:'M6lUodBjRrV7VZHiXa-ssw',sig:'rFGZqo9RtA8lAFPq20kLoYPZvxksXe_ozuv5i_KMX-I=',w:'594px',h:'435px',items:'828636286',caption: true ,tld:'com',is360: false })});</script><script async="" charset="utf-8" src="//web.archive.org/web/20221022125356js_/https://embed-cdn.gettyimages.com/widgets.js"></script></div> <div class="column">
</div> <div class="column"> <div class="layoutArea"> The English translation of the letter from King Simeon II of Bulgaria to Princess Maria Gabriella and Princess Maria Beatrice is as follows: </div> </div> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>09.05.2007</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Dear Ella and Titti,</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Being aware of certain speculations on the part of the press concerning the letter of 5 December 1983 of which we were the joint signatories, I wish to confirm that my participation should not be understood as an opportunity to express any kind of value that could be of use to the dynastic succession of your House; particularly as the document exclusively regarded the custody of the Great Collars of the Most Holy Annunciation.</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Your old and very affectionate cousin,</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Simeon</i></blockquote> </div> <div class="layoutArea">
</div> <div class="layoutArea"> The original text in Italian of the letter from King Simeon II of Bulgaria to Princess Maria Gabriella and Princess Maria Beatrice is as follows: </div> <div class="layoutArea"> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>09.05.2007</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Care Ella e Titti,</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Consapevole di certe speculazioni giornalistiche al riguardo della lettera che abbiamo sotto- scritto insieme, il 5 dicembre 1983, confermo che colla mia adesione non ho inteso dare alla stessa alcun valore utile alla successione dinastica della vostra Casa, tanto più che quel documento riguardava soltanto la custodia dei Grandi Collari della Santissima Annunziata.</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Vostro vecchio ed aff.mo cugino</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Simeone </i></blockquote> </div> <div class="page" title="Page 4">
</div> The French translation of the letter from King Simeon II of Bulgaria to Princess Maria Gabriella and Princess Maria Beatrice is as follows:
<blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>09.05.2007</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Chères Ella et Titti,</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>À propos de certaines spéculations journalistiques sur la lettre que nous avons signée ensemble le 5 décembre 1983, je tiens à confirmer que par cette adhésion je ne souhaitais aucunement lui attribuer à ce texte une quelconque utilité concernant la succession dans votre Famille, d’autant plus que le document en question concernait seulement la garde des Grands Colliers </i><i>de l’Ordre de la Très Sainte Annonciade.</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Votre vieux et très aff. cousin</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Siméon</i></blockquote> </div> </div> <div class="page" title="Page 4"> Source: <a href="http://olgopinions.blog.kataweb.it/files/2010/04/20070509_lettera_simeone_di_bulgaria.pdf">9 maggio 2007. Lettera di S.M. Re Simeone di Bulgaria alle P.sse Maria Gabriella e Maria Beatrice di Savoia in merito alla dichiarazione del 5 dicembre 1983</a></div> <div class="page" title="Page 4">
</div> <table class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-tJcwrMC7XsI/XipH0ZkB-8I/AAAAAAAAC2g/qysVNvRwB-UkgZbniruNx7khEXGvdrJxACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Screen%2BShot%2B2020-01-23%2Bat%2B8.26.18%2BPM.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img data-original-height="721" data-original-width="603" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-tJcwrMC7XsI/XipH0ZkB-8I/AAAAAAAAC2g/qysVNvRwB-UkgZbniruNx7khEXGvdrJxACLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Screen%2BShot%2B2020-01-23%2Bat%2B8.26.18%2BPM.png" width="534" border="0" height="640"></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Landgrave Moritz of Hesse's letter to Princess Maria Gabriella of Savoy.
22 May 2007.</td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="page" title="Page 4"> <div class="column"> The final family member, and yet another executor of King Umberto II's legacy, to take part in the Savoy dynastic issue was Landgrave Moritz of Hesse. On 22 May 2007, Moritz of Hesse sent a letter to his first cousin, Princess Maria Gabriella of Savoy. In his communication, the Head of the Grand Ducal House of Hesse also noted that he had not recognised Prince Vittorio Emanuele as Head of House Savoy after the death of King Umberto.</div> <div class="column">
</div> <table class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gBkdg0CNXmk/XipLXhgqYzI/AAAAAAAAC2s/thECLFpx0ZcCwzt65dHvwQU4s59sAPLtACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/00023136.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img data-original-height="502" data-original-width="700" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gBkdg0CNXmk/XipLXhgqYzI/AAAAAAAAC2s/thECLFpx0ZcCwzt65dHvwQU4s59sAPLtACLcBGAsYHQ/s640/00023136.jpg" width="640" border="0" height="458"></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Queen Sofía of Spain and Landgrave Moritz of Hesse in 1999.
Photograph (c) Presse-Foto-Seeger.</td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="column"> <div class="column"> <div class="layoutArea"> The English translation of the letter from Landgrave Moritz of Hesse to Princess Maria Gabriella reads as follows: </div> <div> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>MORITZ LANDGRAF VON HESSEN</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>22 May 2007</i></blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Princess Maria Gabriella of Savoy</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Dear Ella,</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>The letter dated 5 December 1983, which we issued after the will of King Umberto II was opened, has recently become widely know to the public, but for purposes that have no connection whatever with those originally intended. Actually its sole purpose was to allow Vittorio Emanuele temporary custody of the Great Collars of the Most Holy Annunciation, and was certainly not meant to imply any kind of dynastic recognition. All the more so since it had nothing at all to do with the King’s will, but merely to satisfy an incidental and provisional need, as Vittorio Emanuele knew perfectly well when he accepted the task on this understanding. Besides this it is quite obvious that none of the signatories had the power to confer roles and positions of the House of Savoy, or to change the will of the King.</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Cordially,</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Moritz</i></blockquote> </div> </div> </div> <div class="column"> <div class="layoutArea"> The original text in Italian of the letter from Landgrave Moritz of Hesse to Princess Maria Gabriella of Savoy reads as follows: </div> </div> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>MORITZ LANDGRAF VON HESSEN</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>22 maggio 2007</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Principessa Maria Gabriella di Savoia</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Cara Ella,</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>La lettera in data 5 dicembre 1983, che abbiamo rilasciato dopo l’apertura del testamento del Re Umberto II, è stata divulgata di recente con finalità che non erano affatto quelle originarie. Essa in realtà serviva soltanto per consentire a Vittorio Emanuele di custodire temporaneamente i Grandi Collari della Santissima Annunziata in vista della destinazione definitiva e non intendeva fare alcun riconoscimento dinastico, tanto più che non si ricollegava in alcun modo al testamento del Re ma solo a esigenze di carattere contingente e transitorio, come Vittorio Emanuele, che si era impegnato in tal senso, ben sapeva. Del resto è ben evidente che nessuno dei firmatari aveva il potere di confe- rire ruoli e cariche di Casa Savoia o di cambiare le volontà del Re.</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Cordialmente,</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Maurizio</i></blockquote> </div> <div class="page" title="Page 4"> The French translation of the letter from King Simeon II of Bulgaria to Princess Maria Gabriella and Princess Maria Beatrice reads as follows:
<blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>MORITZ LANDGRAF VON HESSEN</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>22 mai 2007</i><i>
</i><i>
</i><i>Princesse Marie Gabrielle de Savoie</i> </blockquote> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Chère Ella,</i><i>
</i><i>
</i><i>La lettre datée du 5 décembre 1983 que nous avons signée après l’ouverture du testament du </i><i>Roi Humbert II, a été récemment rendue publique dans une intention qui n’est absolument pas celle pour laquelle elle a été écrite. Elle permettait uniquement à Victor-Emmanuel d’obtenir la garde temporaire des Grands Colliers de l’Ordre de la Très Sainte Annonciade, dans l’attente de leur des- tination définitive et ne visait en aucun cas une quelconque reconnaissance dynastique. C’est d’autant plus vrai qu’elle n’était aucunement liée au testament du Roi mais seulement à des exigen</i><i>ces pratiques et temporaires, comme Victor-Emmanuel, qui avait pris des engagements dans ce sens, le savait par ailleurs très bien. Du reste, il est bien évident qu’aucun des signataires n’avait le pouvoir de conférer des fonctions et des charges de la Maison de Savoie, ni de changer les volontés </i><i>du Roi.</i><i>
</i><i>
</i><i>Cordialement,</i><i>
</i><i>
</i><i>Moritz</i></blockquote> Source: <a href="http://olgopinions.blog.kataweb.it/files/2010/04/20070522_lettera_maurizio_assia.pdf">22 maggio 2007. Lettera di S.A.R. Il Langravio d’Assia alla P.ssa Maria Gabriella di Savoia in merito alla dichiarazione del 5 dicembre 1983</a>
There is no doubt that King Umberto II of Italy did not grant consent for his son, Vittorio Emanuele of Savoy, Prince of Naples, to contract a civil marriage with Marina Doria at Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, on 11 January 1970. Furthermore, the king did not give his son approval to religiously wed Marina Doria in the ceremony that was held at Tehran, Iran, on 7 October 1971. Umberto had made it clear to Vittorio Emanuele that if the Prince of Naples married in contravention to the laws governing the royal house, then Vittorio Emanuele would give up his own dynastic rights, as well as that of any offspring.
<table class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-qKFVyvdDP-0/XipYW5KBeUI/AAAAAAAAC3k/m7KtleGvgegxIFjdniyRCWfimEoIRMLJwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Claudia_d%2527Orle%25CC%2581ans_e_Amedeo_di_Savoia_Aosta.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1279" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-qKFVyvdDP-0/XipYW5KBeUI/AAAAAAAAC3k/m7KtleGvgegxIFjdniyRCWfimEoIRMLJwCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Claudia_d%2527Orle%25CC%2581ans_e_Amedeo_di_Savoia_Aosta.jpg" width="510" border="0" height="640"></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Prince Amedeo and Princess Claudia, Duke and Duchess of Aosta, on the occasion of their wedding in 1964.</td></tr> </tbody></table> Indeed, if his only son married unequally, King Umberto had made it well-known that the king's successor would be his "nephew" Prince Amedeo, Duke of Aosta. In 1964, Amedeo of Savoy wed Princess Claude d'Orléans, a daughter of the Count and Countess of Paris. King Umberto of Italy acted as a witness at Amedeo and Claude's wedding. Amedeo and Claude had three children: Princess Bianca (b.1966), Prince Aimone (b.1967), and Princess Bianca (b.1969). In 1982, when he was still a minor, Prince Aimone received the collar of the Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation from his grand-uncle King Umberto.
When King Umberto passed away in 1983, Prince Amedeo, Duke of Aosta, attended His Majesty's funeral. Almost twenty years later, when Queen Marie-José died in 2001, the late Duke of Aosta was one of the most prominent mourners of Her Majesty. </div> </div> <div style="clear: both;"></div> </div>
<p><a title="Euro History Journal" href="https://eurohistoryjournal.blogspot.com" target="_blank"><img src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-0OMUjV7ocn4/XQ2qb8hlzQI/AAAAAAAABGw/mMSC1KS8Yl02jzUWLENzZeAYQ8rOkfkwQCK4BGAYYCw/s850/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-04-22%2Bat%2B11.47.40%2BAM-2.png" alt="Euro History Journal" width="413" height="100"></a></p>Maryamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04307942900246346735noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8800950975312332562.post-14498246818278142482022-09-29T13:46:00.000-07:002023-12-13T03:35:58.294-08:00The Savoys: A Story of Filial Betrayal, Disobedience, and Dynastic Disinheritance<p> <a href="http://www.gettyimages.co.uk/detail/1012577892" target="_blank">Embed from Getty Images</a></p>
<div>
<div>
<div><iframe src="//embed.gettyimages.com/embed/1012577892?et=MqIL_tSgQO9teYhqlCr2bg&tld=co.uk&sig=dY9WacZwcXIRtFJI-7aNMmUr1pdaMCDIM1k6t2SxWfk=&caption=true&ver=2" width="594px" height="455px" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" data-ruffle-polyfilled=""></iframe></div>
</div>
<br><br>
<div>
<div><a href="http://www.gettyimages.co.uk/detail/104404115" target="_blank">Embed from Getty Images</a></div>
<div><iframe src="//embed.gettyimages.com/embed/104404115?et=N1SjmofsR6dCeR9uMvyvKA&tld=co.uk&sig=HN5rHCljcNcobittaQdIx39LGiDQTlLzHdIeAE0m9gU=&caption=true&ver=2" width="594px" height="423px" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" data-ruffle-polyfilled=""></iframe></div>
</div>
<br><br>
<div>
<div><a href="http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/515461904" target="_blank">Embed from Getty Images</a></div>
<div><iframe src="//embed.gettyimages.com/embed/515461904?et=wwBM9zwnSjlZ3C_fzg_bpA&tld=com&sig=ZDgNsfxy4q4Mxv-4adA4bYdIN1cs5jZtl2uCFUHzHwI=&caption=true&ver=2" width="594px" height="473px" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" data-ruffle-polyfilled=""></iframe></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>It would be a bit of an understatement to write that King Umberto II of Italy (1904 - 1983) had a complicated relationship with his children, at varying times and in different circumstances. The king's marriage to Queen Marie José (1906 - 2001; née Princess of Belgium) was not a success. Umberto and Marie-José quietly separated after they went into exile in 1946; the deeply Catholic couple never divorced and remained on very cordial terms. Over the decades, it became clear that Umberto had minor issues with the behaviour of his daughters, the three princesses: Maria Pia (b.1934), Maria Gabriella (b.1940), and Maria Beatrice (b.1943).<br><br></p>
<div>
<div>
<div><a href="http://www.gettyimages.co.uk/detail/104404143" target="_blank">Embed from Getty Images</a></div>
<div><iframe src="//embed.gettyimages.com/embed/104404143?et=rHl-dvJCQiVt_0NRhrOeYA&tld=co.uk&sig=6RWbq2f2ee6wnDTnVSHdKBO4Mcgyk-Retqdpan5k5-A=&caption=true&ver=2" width="469px" height="594px" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" data-ruffle-polyfilled=""></iframe></div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<div><a href="http://www.gettyimages.co.uk/detail/104404145" target="_blank">Embed from Getty Images</a></div>
<div><iframe src="//embed.gettyimages.com/embed/104404145?et=1fVPiUPmSuVvzjP9NZvoYA&tld=co.uk&sig=MwAn8sO6lKG9b0c25l8Z0Gdg9Rz3mjZJOCikG8dXLfs=&caption=true&ver=2" width="594px" height="451px" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" data-ruffle-polyfilled=""></iframe></div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<div><a href="http://www.gettyimages.co.uk/detail/104404130" target="_blank">Embed from Getty Images</a></div>
<div><iframe src="//embed.gettyimages.com/embed/104404130?et=9Al-i24FR7l9W6BEENDpLQ&tld=co.uk&sig=cVjthIyYbAxwITmNfNf00y03-j5RwP1Qi06TLswD-BQ=&caption=true&ver=2" width="594px" height="439px" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" data-ruffle-polyfilled=""></iframe></div>
</div>
</div>
<p><br>However, King Umberto's most complex father/child relationship was with his only son, Vittorio Emanuele (b.1937), the Prince of Naples. For over a decade, the king and the prince were caught up in the latter's persistent intention on contracting a morganatic marriage to which his father could not legally grant his consent. The first object of Vittorio Emanuele's affection was Dominique Claudel. The second object of Vittorio Emanuele's adoration was Marina Doria, who the prince morganatically married in 1971.<br><br></p>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221101145637/https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lK6ryFJphO8/Xh_heL2Wp-I/AAAAAAAACrk/vhazYD2tGoIc1xs2VXP8XlSGwBku6EKBwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Screen%2BShot%2B2020-01-15%2Bat%2B11.06.47%2BPM.png"><img src="http://web.archive.org/web/20221101145637im_/https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lK6ryFJphO8/Xh_heL2Wp-I/AAAAAAAACrk/vhazYD2tGoIc1xs2VXP8XlSGwBku6EKBwCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Screen%2BShot%2B2020-01-15%2Bat%2B11.06.47%2BPM.png" alt="" width="640" height="518" border="0" data-original-height="515" data-original-width="634"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Prince Victor Emanuel of Savoy and his first fiancée Dominique Claudel.<br>Photograph (c) La Stampa.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Beginning in the early 1960s, King Umberto II of Italy wrote a series of letters to his only son Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples. The king also wrote to his wife Queen Marie José, so that the queen would be aware of the issues that their son was bringing to the forefront by his insistence on wedding a young woman without the consent of the Head of the Royal House (i.e. his father the King). In the correspondence, King Umberto made it clear that he could not, and would not, consent to the marriage of the Prince of Naples with an unequal spouse. The first object of Vittorio Emanuele's affection was Dominique Claudel, the granddaughter of French poet Paul Claudel (1868 - 1955). The prince and Dominique Claudel were in a relationship between 1958 - 1962.<br><br></p>
<div>
<div>
<div><a href="http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/1125951684" target="_blank">Embed from Getty Images</a></div>
<div><iframe src="//embed.gettyimages.com/embed/1125951684?et=KZ61uP4mRad_ECxk3si-pA&tld=com&sig=tKLee8XPQAHlAb6s40fNxta7ZjCA3BGT4ITC2Ta_Pk0=&caption=true&ver=2" width="404px" height="594px" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" data-ruffle-polyfilled=""></iframe></div>
</div>
</div>
<p><br>On 24 January 1960, King Umberto II sent a very brief note to his wife Queen Marie José. The English-translation of the text reads as follows:</p>
<blockquote><em>D. J. [Dear José,]</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>Vigliano and Prunas are taking my letter to Vittorio. As agreed I am enclosing a copy for you.</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>I am sure that you will make Vittorio understand the importance of this letter!</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>Affectionately yours,</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>Nice, 24 - I - ‘60</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>U.</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>P.S. If I can, I would like to return to Courchevel at the end of February. I hope to find Vittorio there too.</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>U.</em></blockquote>
<p>Source: <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221101145637/https://web.archive.org/web/20070710000756/http://www.realcasadisavoia.it/files/lettere/19600124_UIIaMJ_en.pdf">24 Gennaio 1960. Lettera accompagnatoria di Umberto II alla regina Maria José</a><br><br>The king was attempting to solicit the queen's support in guaranteeing that their son took to heart the contents of the letter that the king had written to the Prince of Naples, Umberto and Marie José's only son, on 25 January 1960.<br><br></p>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221101145637/https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-eV8Ct_2-xOY/Xh_b_qsPSoI/AAAAAAAACrQ/ThtboAUN4AEseq8qtTqO4dFg1JE-SDifwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/10365307_324876017666488_9095493605664692005_o.jpg"><img src="http://web.archive.org/web/20221101145637im_/https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-eV8Ct_2-xOY/Xh_b_qsPSoI/AAAAAAAACrQ/ThtboAUN4AEseq8qtTqO4dFg1JE-SDifwCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/10365307_324876017666488_9095493605664692005_o.jpg" alt="" width="486" height="640" border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="729"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>King Umberto II's letter to his son dated 25 January 1960.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div>The letter of 25 January 1960 concerned Vittorio Emauele's attachment with Dominique Claudel. Umberto made it clear that he would not grant his consent for the Prince of Naples to contract a dynastic marriage with Mademoiselle Claudel. In no uncertain terms, King Umberto told Prince Vittorio Emanuele that should the Prince of Naples forsake his duty, and contract a marriage without the sovereign's approval, then the king would inform all European sovereigns and Heads of House that Prince Amedeo, Duke of Aosta, would be next in the line of succession after the King. The following is the English-translation text of the letter:<br>
<blockquote><em>Cascais, 25 January 1960</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>Dear Vittorio,</em><em><br></em><em><br></em><em>As I told you last November in Cascais, and now that there has more and more talk in the last few days (leaped upon by the Italian and foreign press) of the likelihood of your marriage to Miss Dominique Claudel (rumours which can cause considerable damage to you, to me and to the entire family), I am writing to you to make perfectly sure that you are aware of the situation you would find yourself in if you were to marry Miss Claudel.</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>A situation which involves the laws of our House, in force for 29 generations and respected by 43 Heads of the Family, my predecessors, who have all succeeded in accordance with the Salic law through marriages contracted with the families of Sovereigns. As the 44th Head of the Family I have no intention, any more than I have the right, to change the law in spite of my affection for you. But even if I were to fail in my duty and proceed, it would be completely useless since nobody would be prepared to recognize the validity of my attempt.</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>As a consequence of your marriage to Miss Claudel you would be deprived of any right to succeed as Head of the House of Savoy and as pretender to the throne of Italy, losing your titles and rank and finding yourself reduced to the condition of a private citizen.</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>In so doing all your rights would immediately pass to my nephew, Amedeo the Duke of Aosta.</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>Such an irrevocable decision, which I would be forced to make with firmness and with pain, I would communicate to each and every member of our House, and to all the Sovereigns and Heads of the Royal families. It would likewise be made known to the Italians, especially in regard to the forfeiture of your present title of Prince of Naples.</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>In view of the affection I have for you and care for your happiness, I should like to hope that you will give your attention to the serious decisions of life, and particularly those which are definitive, since for me and for the religious traditions of our House matrimony is an indissoluble sacrament. Therefore the decision you make today will either open or close your prospects of succession to every right I possess.</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>An affectionate embrace,</em><em><br></em><em><br></em><em>Your Papa</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>P.S.: Since you aware of all the elements for the decision you take, I would like you to be quite clear about what the consequences will be regarding your material inheritance; any consideration of a material character must of course come second to those of a moral character:</em><em><br></em><em><br></em><em>I. By changing my present will my legacy will eventually be divided into equal parts between you and your sisters, since there would no longer be any reason for special treatment in your favour;</em><em><br></em><em><br></em><em>II. The same obviously applies to any other source of income which through heredity, donation or any other cause of which you might in due course come into possession;</em><em><br></em><em><br></em><em>III. Persons who have arranged to make you their sole heir as my successor have already communicated to me that they immediately intend to revoke their decision;</em><em><br></em><em><br></em><em>IV. The Italian friends who have helped me over these difficult years have already given me to understand, quite firmly too, though in a respectful form, that they would suspend any further transfer, and this would probably compel me to reduce your monthly cheque. Not to mention the serious damage this decision of our Italian friends would mean for your sisters.</em><em><br></em><em><br></em><em>V. At the same time the eventual rights that I am entitled to as Head of the House, obviously could not be passed on to you.</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>Read and confirmed Vittorio Emanuele di Savoia</em></blockquote>
Source: <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221101145637/https://web.archive.org/web/20070709233656/http://www.realcasadisavoia.it/files/lettere/19600125_UIIaVE_en.pdf">25 Gennaio 1960. Lettera di Umberto II al figlio Vittorio Emanuele</a><br><br>An addendum that extrapolates upon the contents of King Umberto's letter of 25 January 1960 to his son is provided below:<br>
<blockquote><strong>Explanatory note to the King’s letter of 25 January 1960.</strong> </blockquote>
<blockquote>Although King Umberto II’s letter is perfectly clear and exhaustive as to meaning and consequences, it might be worthwhile to highlight one aspect. </blockquote>
<blockquote>Amongst other thing, the king writes: "I do not intend, nor do I have the right, to change" the law on marriages in the family. This sentence does not simply lay stress on the sense of "I do not want, and, even if I wanted, I am unable." Actually it carries a much wider and definitive meaning which indicates the king’s unwillingness to grant consent to a marriage which, in his view, inadequately represents the image of the Royal House, and consequently the king finds himself in the position of being unable to change the dynastic law which, if broken, inflicts the sanction of loss of dynastic rights. Obviously this destitution also hits the direct descendents, i.e. any male child of the marriage who, even before birth or conception, is powerless to acquire any rights of the kind. </blockquote>
<blockquote>Ultimately, in explaining, beyond any possible misunderstanding, the exact significance of the dynastic norm, the force of which being confirmed, King Umberto refers to the automatic process of the distinctive mechanism of the sanctions, which in the first place results in the "immediate" loss, as he puts it, of dynastic rights, and therefore requires no further provision. On the other hand, as the king explains, since the dynastic law refers to a religious, catholic marriage, whether with civil effect, originating in an unbreakable bond, either in the case where the royal consent is granted, or in the case where royal consent is absent, the effects (positive in the first place, negative in the second) are definitive and irrevocable. </blockquote>
<blockquote>It is hardly necessary to point out that a marriage which is solely civil, like Victor Emmanuel’s in Las Vegas, constitutes a twofold violation of the family law. </blockquote>
<blockquote>Equally plain, in view of what has been said and expressly stated by the king, is the identity of the successor named by the dynastic law of the House of Savoy, i.e. the king’s “nephew," Prince Amedeo of Savoy, Duke of Aosta.</blockquote>
Source: <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221101145637/https://web.archive.org/web/20070709234312/http://www.realcasadisavoia.it/files/lettere/19600125_nota_en.pdf">Explanatory note</a><br><br>The Prince of Naples responded to King Umberto's letter on 15 April 1960 - three months after it was received. Vittorio Emanuele's letter to his father read as follows:<br>
<blockquote><em>Dear Papa,</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>I can hardly fail to recognize the scrupulousness with which you have so patiently and carefully explained the situation in which I would find myself if I should decide to renounce my prerogatives and marry a woman – whoever she might be – who is not of royal blood. Day by day the situation becomes clearer to me on the moral side as well as the strictly dynastic issue. Also the consequences as regards inheritance are now becoming more and more apparent. I can only acknowledge your scrupulous attitude and thank you with all my heart. Now it is my turn to review the question, to meditate and come to a decision.</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>I would also like to take the opportunity to thank you for your offer of a chance to take my mind of these matters, such as the trip to Africa, and perhaps to Argentina. But as I have already told you I want first to try another way, by becoming a “broker”.</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>As soon as I have the concrete elements in hand, i.e. after the discussions in Geneva with Merryl Lynch & Co. I shall let you know how it turns out.</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>Cascais, 15 April 1960.</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>Vittorio Emanuele</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>P.S. Please excuse this typewritten letter, but as you know my hand is still in plaster.</em></blockquote>
Source: <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221101145637/https://web.archive.org/web/20070709235930/http://www.realcasadisavoia.it/files/lettere/19600415_VEaUII_en.pdf">15 Aprile 1960. Risposta di Vittorio Emanuele alla lettera del padre</a><br><br>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div><a href="http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/514897822" target="_blank">Embed from Getty Images</a></div>
<div><iframe src="//embed.gettyimages.com/embed/514897822?et=VyXhXL-NR755l8lgXVwnJA&tld=com&sig=mHCTJhUJqoH7PXgzxM4seWvz-47Hy74fiXC6A1ikVFk=&caption=true&ver=2" width="467px" height="594px" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" data-ruffle-polyfilled=""></iframe></div>
</div>
</div>
<br>Subsequent missives from the king to his son concerned Vittorio Emanuele's romance with Marina Doria (b.1935). The king stressed on several occasions that his consent would be impossible to give due to the fact that Marina was not of equal rank to Vittorio Emanuele. Furthermore, Umberto noted that he believed he would be in violation of the laws governing the succession of the Royal House of Savoy if he did consent (even if he was personally inclined to do so, which he was not) to the Prince of Naples marrying Marina Doria.<br><br>In July 1963, Vittorio Emanuele di Savoia and Marina Doria gave an interview to the Italian magazine <em>Oggi</em>. In the article, the couple discussed their plans to marry. When word of this interview reached King Umberto in Portugal, he sent his son the following letter:<br>
<blockquote><em>Dear Vittorio!</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>I just came across your interview in “Oggi”: If this truly represents your state of mind – and I must ask you to let me know as soon as possible with the utmost clarity – the thing I particularly regret is that you felt no need to talk or write to me beforehand, since parts of the matters in discussion directly concern me.</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>While I am expecting a letter from you about your matrimonial projects, I can only repeat word for word what I wrote to you 23 January 1960 concerning a similar situation.</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>As you very well know I am solely motivated by my affection for you and my desire to assure for you the best of futures, but one which can never contrast with the way we have always done things in our family.</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>I embrace you</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>Cascais, 18 July 1963.</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>Your Papa</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>Second copy of the letter, to be returned to me signed on receipt</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote>[handwritten by Vittorio Emanuele] </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>25-VII (?)-63</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>Vittorio Emanuele di Savoia </em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>The interview does not correspond to what I think.</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote>[Editor’s note: this letter concerns Marina Doria.]</blockquote>
Source: <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221101145637/https://web.archive.org/web/20070709233357/http://www.realcasadisavoia.it/files/lettere/19630718_UIIaVE_en.pdf">18 Luglio 1963. Lettera di Umberto II al figlio in merito all'articolo pubblicato da "Oggi".</a><br><br>In an attempt to overcome his father's opposition to his desired marriage, Vittorio Emanuele proclaimed himself "King of Italy" as "Re Vittorio Emanuele IV" on 15 December 1969. The Prince of Naples thus attempted to dethrone his own father, His Majesty King Umberto II.<br><br>
<blockquote><em>15-12-69 </em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>Vittorio Emanuele IV</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>King of Italy</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>With the affection of a son but the loyalty of a king, having reached the legal age of majority, and therefore maturity of intellect and heart, by Our serious knowledge and will, upon the advice of Our council, we have formulated the following principles for safeguarding the nation and the Dynasty:</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>Art. 1 – The Statute of the Kingdom, sanctioned and issued under the law n. 674 on 4 March 1848 by Our magnanimous forebear, Carlo Alberto, was extended to all the States of the Kingdom of Sardinia and became the fundamental Statute of the Kingdom of Italy with the law of 21 April 1867 no. 1.</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>Art. 2 – The laws of 27 July 1860, 17 August 1867, 11 April 1870 and 11 May 1871, sanction a xxx [meaning] to Act. 1 of the Statute which accomplished the entire freedom of the Italian State x from any interference on the part of the Church.</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>Art. 3 – Nothing, however, had ever been added to the Statute to question its "perpetual and irrevocable" character, when on 25 June 1944 – in the reign of Our magnanimous forebear, Vittorio Emanuele III – the Lieutenant General of the Kingdom, with his own Edict n. 151, instituted a constituent assembly to discuss "the new State constitution."</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>With another Edict law of 16 March 1946 n. 28 the Lieutenant established that the monarchical- representative form of the State government would be submitted to a "referendum of the people" which was carried by a simple majority of the votes, and was thus replaced by a republican form. Hence the Statute was not legitimately abrogated but xxxxxstatly violated and consequently it remains to this day "the fundamental, perpetual and irrevocable law of the monarchy."</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>Art. 4 - Acts which Our beloved and for me x xxx Fxxx Ma [?] later performed, being King of Italy, such as the dissolution from the oath of loyalty to His Person by the Royal Armed Forces; the consequent succession of His powers on the part of the government which He himself considered rebellious, as well as using irregular practices in scrutiny; and His departure – to all appearances voluntary – from the national territory on the conclusion of the Farewell military ceremony held for the event, constitute an unquestionable abdication from the Throne.</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>Art. 5 – Under article 2 of the Statute "ipso pure" we would succeed Him in his condition as virtual Sovereign of the Kingdom of Italy and as sole legitimate pretender to the Throne.</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>Art. 6 – This succession having taken effect, we are also entitled to assume the right of legitimate Head of the Savoy Dynasty, and such rights as we shall exercise from this time forth, tempered only by the discretion that the physical and moral state of His Majesty, the ex-King Umberto II advises Our conscience as son.</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>Signed in Geneva, on the 15 of the month of December of the year 1969. </em><em><br></em><em>Royal Edict n. 1</em></blockquote>
</div>
<div>Source: <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221101145637/https://web.archive.org/web/20070710055051/http://www.realcasadisavoia.it/files/comunicati/20060707_allegato2_en.pdf">Allegato 2</a><br><br>The day after he "dethroned" his father, on 16 December 1969, Vittorio Emanuele of Savoy issued a "royal decree" in which he conferred upon his fiancée Marina Ricolfi Doria the title of Duchess of Sant'Anna di Valdieri. Vittorio Emanuele took this action so that his intended, Marina Doria, would be considered an "equal bride" if he married her. The second royal degree of "Il Re Vittorio Emanuele IV" can be read below:<br>
<blockquote><em>We</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>Vittorio Emanuele IV, King of Italy</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>By virtue of art. 79 of the Statute of the Kingdom</em><em><br></em><em>Decree:</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>Single article.</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>Upon Marina Doria Ricolfi the title of Duchessa di S. Anna di Valdieri has been conferred.</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>Signed in Geneva On the 16 December in the year 1969</em><em><br></em><em>Royal Edict n. 2</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>Vittorio Emanuele di Savoia [entirely written by hand]</em></blockquote>
</div>
<div>Source: <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221101145637/https://web.archive.org/web/20070710054110/http://www.realcasadisavoia.it/files/comunicati/20060707_allegato1_en.pdf">Allegato 1</a><br><br>King Umberto II of Italy died on 18 March 1983 at Geneva, Switzerland. The executors of his estate were the following persons: HM King Simeon II of Bulgaria, HRH Landgrave Moritz of Hesse, and Baron Guibert d'Udekem de Guertechin. King Simeon of Bulgaria (b.1937) was Umberto's nephew through his sister Princess Giovanna's marriage to King Boris III of Bulgaria. Landgrave Moritz of Hesse (1926 - 2013) was Umberto's nephew through his sister Princess Mafalda's marriage to Langrave Philip of Hesse. Guibert d’Udekem de Guertechin was a Belgian aristocrat.<br><br><br>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221101145637/https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Jtja7ZVYWFU/Xh_XKEp1QqI/AAAAAAAACrE/SmdVgVvMzrM_5-9oq5DZovgHLszsxPh-ACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Screen%2BShot%2B2020-01-15%2Bat%2B10.22.57%2BPM.png"><img src="http://web.archive.org/web/20221101145637im_/https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Jtja7ZVYWFU/Xh_XKEp1QqI/AAAAAAAACrE/SmdVgVvMzrM_5-9oq5DZovgHLszsxPh-ACLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Screen%2BShot%2B2020-01-15%2Bat%2B10.22.57%2BPM.png" alt="" width="490" height="640" border="0" data-original-height="614" data-original-width="472"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>The Statement of the Savoy Family on 5 December 1983.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div>
<div title="Page 4">
<div>
<div>
<p>On 5 December 1983 at Cascais, the widowed Queen Marie-José of Italy as well as her daughters Princess Maria Pia, Princess Maria Gabriella, and Princess Maria Beatrice all signed a statement purporting to recognise their son/brother Vittorio Emanuele as Head of the Royal House of Savoy. The statement was co-signed by the three executors of the late king's will. It was filed at Lausanne on 7 December 1983. The English translation of the statement read as follows: </p>
<blockquote><em>The undersigned heirs of H.M. the King, Umberto II, recognize that Prince Vittorio-Emanuele, as Head of the House of Savoy, is Grand Master of the Most Holy Order of the Annunciation and the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus, and that he is the keeper of the Great Collars of the Order aforementioned.</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>Cascais, 5 December 1983</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>Marie José</em><em><br></em><em>Maria Pia of Savoy </em><em><br></em><em>Maria Gabriella of Savoy </em><em><br></em><em>Maria Beatrice of Savoy</em><em><br></em><em><br></em><em>Simeon of Saxe-Coburg </em><em><br></em><em>Moritz of Hesse </em><em><br></em><em>Guibert d'Udekem</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>Lausanne, 7 Dec. 1983</em></blockquote>
<br>Following is the original text of the document in French:<br>
<blockquote><em>Les héritiers soussignés de S.M. le Roi Humbert II reconnaissent que le Prince Victor-Emmanuel, en tant que Chef de la Maison de Savoie, est Grand Maître du très Saint Ordre de l’Annonciade et de l’Ordre des Saints Maurice et Lazare, et qu’il est dépositaire des Grands Colliers du premier Ordre.</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>Cascais, le 5 décembre 1983</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>Marie José</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>Maria Pia de Savoie<br></em><em>Maria Gabriella di Savoia<br></em><em>Maria Beatrice di Savoia</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>Simeone di Sassonia Coburgo<br></em><em>Maurizio d’Assia</em><em>Guibert d’Udekeim</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>Copie ou photocopie certifiée conforme à l’original Lausanne le 7 DEC. 1983</em></blockquote>
</div>
<div>In 2006, the late Prince Amedeo of Savoy, Duke of Aosta (later titled as Duke of Savoy), make it public that he was taking his rightful place as the Head of the Royal House of Savoy. Almost immediately, half of the offspring of King Umberto II make it clear that they were fully in support of their cousin's decision. Princess Maria Gabriella, who has kept the legacy of her parents alive through her preservation of historical documents related to the dynasty, was one of the the strongest advocates of Prince Amedeo. Maria Gabriella was joined by her sister Maria Beatrice in supporting their cousin Amedeo.<br><br>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221101145637/https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-motfsdNP63s/XipVHctsX6I/AAAAAAAAC3Y/ArrDIf-KX4QNANfJd3MOYRqiQFUP9SX9ACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/M.G.-e-S..jpg"><img src="http://web.archive.org/web/20221101145637im_/https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-motfsdNP63s/XipVHctsX6I/AAAAAAAAC3Y/ArrDIf-KX4QNANfJd3MOYRqiQFUP9SX9ACLcBGAsYHQ/s640/M.G.-e-S..jpg" alt="" width="640" height="468" border="0" data-original-height="1170" data-original-width="1600"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Princess Silvia and Princess Maria Gabriella of Savoy.<br>Photograph (c) Real Casa di Savoia.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221101145637/https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-XP-sTWMGNdM/XipQrKagM8I/AAAAAAAAC3M/fiof3mNDAxMLEkZ8rpnJTn5Vl1dRb14lACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/CapodannoSavoia_DSC0067.jpg"><img src="http://web.archive.org/web/20221101145637im_/https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-XP-sTWMGNdM/XipQrKagM8I/AAAAAAAAC3M/fiof3mNDAxMLEkZ8rpnJTn5Vl1dRb14lACLcBGAsYHQ/s640/CapodannoSavoia_DSC0067.jpg" alt="" width="640" height="424" border="0" data-original-height="1063" data-original-width="1600"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Princess Silvia, Prince Amedeo, and Princess Maria Gabriella of Savoy.<br>Photograph (c) Real Casa di Savoia.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221101145637/https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-A68d6Ah32XM/XipPRUR6AMI/AAAAAAAAC3A/WiWZ2W4ZNFAG48XJlYbHPMOGHNCcr83DgCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Venaria.jpg"><img src="http://web.archive.org/web/20221101145637im_/https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-A68d6Ah32XM/XipPRUR6AMI/AAAAAAAAC3A/WiWZ2W4ZNFAG48XJlYbHPMOGHNCcr83DgCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Venaria.jpg" alt="" border="0" data-original-height="300" data-original-width="450"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Princess Maria Gabriella, Prince Aimone, and Prince Amedeo of Savoy in 2009.<br>Photograph (c) Real Casa di Savoia.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
On 8 March 2005, Princess Maria Gabriella of Savoy wrote a letter to a person close to the Royal Family. In her letter, the princess make it clear that she, her sisters, and her mother, had no right to acknowledge her brother Vittorio Emanuele as the Head of the Royal House of Savoy upon the death of King Umberto in 1983. The text of her communication is found below:<br><br>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221101145637/https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-HFh-xEgEg4I/Xio_Bzzb4AI/AAAAAAAAC18/fygSHMZpShMYO3dAXcgHjgnpTwXrtXKCwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Screen%2BShot%2B2020-01-23%2Bat%2B7.44.32%2BPM.png"><img src="http://web.archive.org/web/20221101145637im_/https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-HFh-xEgEg4I/Xio_Bzzb4AI/AAAAAAAAC18/fygSHMZpShMYO3dAXcgHjgnpTwXrtXKCwCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Screen%2BShot%2B2020-01-23%2Bat%2B7.44.32%2BPM.png" alt="" width="640" height="420" border="0" data-original-height="609" data-original-width="927"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Princess Maria Gabriella's letter of 8 March 2015.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<blockquote><em>Dear ------,</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>(Personal communications)</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>As for my Father's last will and testament, I can confirm that my sisters and I made a declaration in Vittorio's favour in regard to the dynastic orders, to prevent his feeling entirely excluded from the moral heritage of our House as resulted from the King's dispositions. We put our signatures to this declaration on 5 December 1983, but, on further consideration, neither we, nor our mother, nor the executors of the will, had the power to do so.</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>Affectionately,</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>8 III 2005</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>Maria Gabriella</em></blockquote>
</div>
<div>Source: <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221101145637/http://olgopinions.blog.kataweb.it/files/2010/04/20050308_lettera_maria_gabriella_di_savoia.pdf">8 marzo 2005. Lettera di S.A.R. la P.ssa Reale Maria Gabriella di Savoia in merito alla dichiarazione del 5 dicembre 1983</a><br><br>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221101145637/https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1U5Xid7_dUA/XipBYr6NskI/AAAAAAAAC2I/pml1J7dtvqQHOz743NjLgALtDKYCbm_qwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Screen%2BShot%2B2020-01-23%2Bat%2B7.52.15%2BPM.png"><img src="http://web.archive.org/web/20221101145637im_/https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1U5Xid7_dUA/XipBYr6NskI/AAAAAAAAC2I/pml1J7dtvqQHOz743NjLgALtDKYCbm_qwCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Screen%2BShot%2B2020-01-23%2Bat%2B7.52.15%2BPM.png" alt="" width="640" height="466" border="0" data-original-height="697" data-original-width="954"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Princess Maria Beatrice of Savoy's letter to her sister Princess Maria Gabriella.<br>31 March 2007.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
On 31 March 2007, Maria Beatrice sent a letter to her sister Princess Maria Gabriella of Savoy. In this communication, Maria Beatrice affirmed to her sister Maria Gabriella that they had no power to recognise their brother as the successor of their father. The letter from Maria Beatrice to Maria Gabriella may be found below, in its Italian/English/French forms.<br><br>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221101145637/https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ECN3DYMNocQ/XipO2vSoIyI/AAAAAAAAC24/dcfExWUcMhgPFGJ9FPs5x854ZkhoY7jKACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/A.-S.-e-M.Beatrice.jpg"><img src="http://web.archive.org/web/20221101145637im_/https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ECN3DYMNocQ/XipO2vSoIyI/AAAAAAAAC24/dcfExWUcMhgPFGJ9FPs5x854ZkhoY7jKACLcBGAsYHQ/s640/A.-S.-e-M.Beatrice.jpg" alt="" width="640" height="500" border="0" data-original-height="1252" data-original-width="1600"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Princess Silvia, Prince Amedeo, and Princess Maria Beatrice of Savoy.<br>Photograph (c) Real Casa di Savoia.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div>The English translation of the March 2007 letter from Maria Beatrice of Savoy to Maria Gabriella of Savoy is as follows:<br>
<blockquote><strong><em>Letter from H.R.H. Princess Maria Beatrice of Savoy to her sister, H.R.H. Princess Maria Gabriella of Savoy.</em> </strong></blockquote>
<blockquote><em>Dear Ella,</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>Having read your letter of the eighth of March 2005 about our recognition in Vittorio’s favour concerning the question of the Orders, I find myself entirely in agreement.</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>I embrace you, Maria Beatrice</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>31 March 2007</em></blockquote>
</div>
<div>The letter of Maria Beatrice of her sister Maria Gabriella in its original Italian:<br>
<blockquote><em>Lettera di S.A.R. la Principessa Reale Maria Beatrice di Savoia alla sorella S.A.R. la Principessa Reale Maria Gabriella di Savoia.</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>Cara Ella,</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>ho letto la tua lettera dell’otto marzo 2005 a proposito del riconoscimento a favore di Vittorio per gli Ordini con la quale mi trovi pienamente d’accordo.</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>Ti abbraccio, Maria Beatrice</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>31 marzo 2007</em></blockquote>
The French translation of the March 2007 letter from Maria Beatrice of Savoy to Maria Gabriella of Savoy is as follows:<br>
<blockquote><em>Lettre de S.A.R. la Princesse Marie-Béatrice de Savoie</em><em>à sa sœur S.A.R. la Princesse Marie-Gabrielle de Savoie.</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>Ma chère Ella,</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>J’ai lu ta lettre du 8 mars 2005 concernant la reconnaissance faite à Victor à propos des ordres dynasti- ques; je suis en complet accord avec elle.</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>Je t’embrasse, Marie-Béatrice</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>31 mars 2007</em></blockquote>
</div>
<div>Source: <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221101145637/http://olgopinions.blog.kataweb.it/files/2010/04/20070331_lettera_maria_beatrice_di_savoia.pdf">31 marzo 2007. Lettera di S.A.R. la P.ssa Reale Maria Beatrice di Savoia alla sorella S.A.R. la P.ssa Reale Maria Gabriella di Savoia in merito alla dichiarazione del 5 dicembre 1983</a></div>
<div></div>
<div>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221101145637/https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Dp5kMdB3pFs/XipC4SJZvkI/AAAAAAAAC2U/5o2WbwipmfAaQ2hWKi3vCEWWbwJd7jVKQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Screen%2BShot%2B2020-01-23%2Bat%2B8.03.51%2BPM.png"><img src="http://web.archive.org/web/20221101145637im_/https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Dp5kMdB3pFs/XipC4SJZvkI/AAAAAAAAC2U/5o2WbwipmfAaQ2hWKi3vCEWWbwJd7jVKQCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Screen%2BShot%2B2020-01-23%2Bat%2B8.03.51%2BPM.png" alt="" width="516" height="640" border="0" data-original-height="662" data-original-width="535"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>King Simeon of Bulgaria's letter of Princesses Maria Gabriella and Maria Beatrice.<br>9 May 2007.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div>The next family member, and an executor of King Umberto II's legacy, to take part in the Savoy dynastic issue was King Simeon II of Bulgaria. On 9 May 2007, King Simeon sent a letter to his first cousins, Princesses Maria Gabriella and Maria Beatrice of Savoy. In his letter, the Bulgarian king made it clear that he had never recognised Vittorio Emanuele as the Head of the Royal House of Savoy in 1983.</div>
<div>
<div>
<div><a href="http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/828636286" target="_blank">Embed from Getty Images</a></div>
<div><iframe src="//embed.gettyimages.com/embed/828636286?et=M6lUodBjRrV7VZHiXa-ssw&tld=com&sig=rFGZqo9RtA8lAFPq20kLoYPZvxksXe_ozuv5i_KMX-I=&caption=true&ver=2" width="594px" height="435px" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" data-ruffle-polyfilled=""></iframe></div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>The English translation of the letter from King Simeon II of Bulgaria to Princess Maria Gabriella and Princess Maria Beatrice is as follows: </div>
</div>
<blockquote><em>09.05.2007</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>Dear Ella and Titti,</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>Being aware of certain speculations on the part of the press concerning the letter of 5 December 1983 of which we were the joint signatories, I wish to confirm that my participation should not be understood as an opportunity to express any kind of value that could be of use to the dynastic succession of your House; particularly as the document exclusively regarded the custody of the Great Collars of the Most Holy Annunciation.</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>Your old and very affectionate cousin,</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>Simeon</em></blockquote>
</div>
<div>The original text in Italian of the letter from King Simeon II of Bulgaria to Princess Maria Gabriella and Princess Maria Beatrice is as follows: </div>
<div>
<blockquote><em>09.05.2007</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>Care Ella e Titti,</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>Consapevole di certe speculazioni giornalistiche al riguardo della lettera che abbiamo sotto- scritto insieme, il 5 dicembre 1983, confermo che colla mia adesione non ho inteso dare alla stessa alcun valore utile alla successione dinastica della vostra Casa, tanto più che quel documento riguardava soltanto la custodia dei Grandi Collari della Santissima Annunziata.</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>Vostro vecchio ed aff.mo cugino</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>Simeone</em></blockquote>
</div>
The French translation of the letter from King Simeon II of Bulgaria to Princess Maria Gabriella and Princess Maria Beatrice is as follows:<br>
<blockquote><em>09.05.2007</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>Chères Ella et Titti,</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>À propos de certaines spéculations journalistiques sur la lettre que nous avons signée ensemble le 5 décembre 1983, je tiens à confirmer que par cette adhésion je ne souhaitais aucunement lui attribuer à ce texte une quelconque utilité concernant la succession dans votre Famille, d’autant plus que le document en question concernait seulement la garde des Grands Colliers </em><em>de l’Ordre de la Très Sainte Annonciade.</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>Votre vieux et très aff. cousin</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>Siméon</em></blockquote>
</div>
</div>
<div title="Page 4">Source: <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221101145637/http://olgopinions.blog.kataweb.it/files/2010/04/20070509_lettera_simeone_di_bulgaria.pdf">9 maggio 2007. Lettera di S.M. Re Simeone di Bulgaria alle P.sse Maria Gabriella e Maria Beatrice di Savoia in merito alla dichiarazione del 5 dicembre 1983</a></div>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221101145637/https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-tJcwrMC7XsI/XipH0ZkB-8I/AAAAAAAAC2g/qysVNvRwB-UkgZbniruNx7khEXGvdrJxACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Screen%2BShot%2B2020-01-23%2Bat%2B8.26.18%2BPM.png"><img src="http://web.archive.org/web/20221101145637im_/https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-tJcwrMC7XsI/XipH0ZkB-8I/AAAAAAAAC2g/qysVNvRwB-UkgZbniruNx7khEXGvdrJxACLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Screen%2BShot%2B2020-01-23%2Bat%2B8.26.18%2BPM.png" alt="" width="534" height="640" border="0" data-original-height="721" data-original-width="603"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Landgrave Moritz of Hesse's letter to Princess Maria Gabriella of Savoy.<br>22 May 2007.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div title="Page 4">
<div>The final family member, and yet another executor of King Umberto II's legacy, to take part in the Savoy dynastic issue was Landgrave Moritz of Hesse. On 22 May 2007, Moritz of Hesse sent a letter to his first cousin, Princess Maria Gabriella of Savoy. In his communication, the Head of the Grand Ducal House of Hesse also noted that he had not recognised Prince Vittorio Emanuele as Head of House Savoy after the death of King Umberto.</div>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221101145637/https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gBkdg0CNXmk/XipLXhgqYzI/AAAAAAAAC2s/thECLFpx0ZcCwzt65dHvwQU4s59sAPLtACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/00023136.jpg"><img src="http://web.archive.org/web/20221101145637im_/https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gBkdg0CNXmk/XipLXhgqYzI/AAAAAAAAC2s/thECLFpx0ZcCwzt65dHvwQU4s59sAPLtACLcBGAsYHQ/s640/00023136.jpg" alt="" width="640" height="458" border="0" data-original-height="502" data-original-width="700"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Queen Sofía of Spain and Landgrave Moritz of Hesse in 1999.<br>Photograph (c) Presse-Foto-Seeger.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div>
<div>
<div>The English translation of the letter from Landgrave Moritz of Hesse to Princess Maria Gabriella reads as follows: </div>
<div>
<blockquote><em>MORITZ LANDGRAF VON HESSEN</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>22 May 2007</em></blockquote>
<blockquote><em>Princess Maria Gabriella of Savoy</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>Dear Ella,</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>The letter dated 5 December 1983, which we issued after the will of King Umberto II was opened, has recently become widely know to the public, but for purposes that have no connection whatever with those originally intended. Actually its sole purpose was to allow Vittorio Emanuele temporary custody of the Great Collars of the Most Holy Annunciation, and was certainly not meant to imply any kind of dynastic recognition. All the more so since it had nothing at all to do with the King’s will, but merely to satisfy an incidental and provisional need, as Vittorio Emanuele knew perfectly well when he accepted the task on this understanding. Besides this it is quite obvious that none of the signatories had the power to confer roles and positions of the House of Savoy, or to change the will of the King.</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>Cordially,</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>Moritz</em></blockquote>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>The original text in Italian of the letter from Landgrave Moritz of Hesse to Princess Maria Gabriella of Savoy reads as follows: </div>
</div>
<blockquote><em>MORITZ LANDGRAF VON HESSEN</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>22 maggio 2007</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>Principessa Maria Gabriella di Savoia</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>Cara Ella,</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>La lettera in data 5 dicembre 1983, che abbiamo rilasciato dopo l’apertura del testamento del Re Umberto II, è stata divulgata di recente con finalità che non erano affatto quelle originarie. Essa in realtà serviva soltanto per consentire a Vittorio Emanuele di custodire temporaneamente i Grandi Collari della Santissima Annunziata in vista della destinazione definitiva e non intendeva fare alcun riconoscimento dinastico, tanto più che non si ricollegava in alcun modo al testamento del Re ma solo a esigenze di carattere contingente e transitorio, come Vittorio Emanuele, che si era impegnato in tal senso, ben sapeva. Del resto è ben evidente che nessuno dei firmatari aveva il potere di confe- rire ruoli e cariche di Casa Savoia o di cambiare le volontà del Re.</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>Cordialmente,</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>Maurizio</em></blockquote>
</div>
<div title="Page 4">The French translation of the letter from King Simeon II of Bulgaria to Princess Maria Gabriella and Princess Maria Beatrice reads as follows:<br>
<blockquote><em>MORITZ LANDGRAF VON HESSEN</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>22 mai 2007</em><em><br></em><em><br></em><em>Princesse Marie Gabrielle de Savoie</em> </blockquote>
<blockquote><em>Chère Ella,</em><em><br></em><em><br></em><em>La lettre datée du 5 décembre 1983 que nous avons signée après l’ouverture du testament du </em><em>Roi Humbert II, a été récemment rendue publique dans une intention qui n’est absolument pas celle pour laquelle elle a été écrite. Elle permettait uniquement à Victor-Emmanuel d’obtenir la garde temporaire des Grands Colliers de l’Ordre de la Très Sainte Annonciade, dans l’attente de leur des- tination définitive et ne visait en aucun cas une quelconque reconnaissance dynastique. C’est d’autant plus vrai qu’elle n’était aucunement liée au testament du Roi mais seulement à des exigen</em><em>ces pratiques et temporaires, comme Victor-Emmanuel, qui avait pris des engagements dans ce sens, le savait par ailleurs très bien. Du reste, il est bien évident qu’aucun des signataires n’avait le pouvoir de conférer des fonctions et des charges de la Maison de Savoie, ni de changer les volontés </em><em>du Roi.</em><em><br></em><em><br></em><em>Cordialement,</em><em><br></em><em><br></em><em>Moritz</em></blockquote>
Source: <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221101145637/http://olgopinions.blog.kataweb.it/files/2010/04/20070522_lettera_maurizio_assia.pdf">22 maggio 2007. Lettera di S.A.R. Il Langravio d’Assia alla P.ssa Maria Gabriella di Savoia in merito alla dichiarazione del 5 dicembre 1983</a><br><br>There is no doubt that King Umberto II of Italy did not grant consent for his son, Vittorio Emanuele of Savoy, Prince of Naples, to contract a civil marriage with Marina Doria at Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, on 11 January 1970. Furthermore, the king did not give his son approval to religiously wed Marina Doria in the ceremony that was held at Tehran, Iran, on 7 October 1971. Umberto had made it clear to Vittorio Emanuele that if the Prince of Naples married in contravention to the laws governing the royal house, then Vittorio Emanuele would give up his own dynastic rights, as well as that of any offspring.<br><br>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20221101145637/https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-qKFVyvdDP-0/XipYW5KBeUI/AAAAAAAAC3k/m7KtleGvgegxIFjdniyRCWfimEoIRMLJwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Claudia_d%2527Orle%25CC%2581ans_e_Amedeo_di_Savoia_Aosta.jpg"><img src="http://web.archive.org/web/20221101145637im_/https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-qKFVyvdDP-0/XipYW5KBeUI/AAAAAAAAC3k/m7KtleGvgegxIFjdniyRCWfimEoIRMLJwCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Claudia_d%2527Orle%25CC%2581ans_e_Amedeo_di_Savoia_Aosta.jpg" alt="" width="510" height="640" border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1279"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Prince Amedeo and Princess Claudia, Duke and Duchess of Aosta, on the occasion of their wedding in 1964.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
Indeed, if his only son married unequally, King Umberto had made it well-known that the king's successor would be his "nephew" Prince Amedeo, Duke of Aosta. In 1964, Amedeo of Savoy wed Princess Claude d'Orléans, a daughter of the Count and Countess of Paris. King Umberto of Italy acted as a witness at Amedeo and Claude's wedding. Amedeo and Claude had three children: Princess Bianca (b.1966), Prince Aimone (b.1967), and Princess Bianca (b.1969). In 1982, when he was still a minor, Prince Aimone received the collar of the Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation from his grand-uncle King Umberto.<br><br>When King Umberto passed away in 1983, Prince Amedeo, Duke of Aosta, attended His Majesty's funeral. Almost twenty years later, when Queen Marie-José died in 2001, the late Duke of Aosta was one of the most prominent mourners of Her Majesty. </div>
</div>
<p><a title="Euro History Journal" href="https://eurohistoryjournal.blogspot.com" target="_blank"><img src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-0OMUjV7ocn4/XQ2qb8hlzQI/AAAAAAAABGw/mMSC1KS8Yl02jzUWLENzZeAYQ8rOkfkwQCK4BGAYYCw/s850/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-04-22%2Bat%2B11.47.40%2BAM-2.png" alt="Euro History Journal" width="413" height="100"></a></p>Maryamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04307942900246346735noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8800950975312332562.post-56168738755504503772022-09-28T08:46:00.000-07:002023-12-12T03:12:00.923-08:00An Imperial Arrival: The Birth of Prince Alexander Georgievich Romanoff!<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBv30aL8NWzroZWllOaYDzyqo1ocQSGeUQu2-eWmoVx3MLDu3D0wiqqQLuUdjTM3jwkvK7TnEA55q-oUpkBoz4Sgsk40Xrjthue9KqS-8vt-qMg3poh75Zt4o7-uu7sdVOSoqIG9ZgkDAtwgBKKYnl0Numx9f5PBD_HtGoOpn89zxfH5bS-R3XiQ_4/s1035/IMG_5745.JPG"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBv30aL8NWzroZWllOaYDzyqo1ocQSGeUQu2-eWmoVx3MLDu3D0wiqqQLuUdjTM3jwkvK7TnEA55q-oUpkBoz4Sgsk40Xrjthue9KqS-8vt-qMg3poh75Zt4o7-uu7sdVOSoqIG9ZgkDAtwgBKKYnl0Numx9f5PBD_HtGoOpn89zxfH5bS-R3XiQ_4/w512-h640/IMG_5745.JPG" alt="" width="512" height="640" border="0" data-original-height="1035" data-original-width="828"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<div>Grand Duke George and Princess Victoria.</div>
<div>Photo (c) David Nivière.</div>
<div>Courtesy of the Russian Imperial Chancellery.</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Today, Prince Alexander Georgievich Romanoff was born in Moscow. He was named Alexander in honour of Prince St. Alexander Nevsky. The little prince is the first child of Grand Duke George Mikhailovich of Russia and Princess Victoria Romanovna Romanoff, who wed in 2021. </p>
<p>Alexander's grandmother, Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna of Russia, issued the following communiqué:</p>
<blockquote><em>By the Grace of God<br><br>We<br><br>Grand Duchess Maria of Russia<br><br>Head of the Russian Imperial House<br><br>Make an Announcement to All<br><br>On October 21, 2022, Our daughter-in-law, Her Serene Highness Princess Victoria Romanovna, the spouse of Our son and heir His Imperial Highness The Tsesarevich and Grand Duke George of Russia, was delivered of a son, Our grandson, who has been given the name Alexander.<br><br>Welcoming this new addition to Our Family as a sign of God’s grace, I ask all Our countrymen to offer fervent prayers to the Almighty for the health and well-being of the newborn. In accordance with Our current Family Law and the Family Act of September 14/27, 2020, Our grandson will be called His Serene Highness Prince Alexander Georgievich.<br><br>Issued in Madrid, 21 October, in the Year 2022 since the Nativity of Christ, and in the thirty-first year of our succession to the rights and duties of Our August Ancestors - the Emperors of All the Russia.<br><br>H.I.H. THE GRAND DUCHESS MARIA OF RUSSIA</em></blockquote>
<p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxuCpC819epn4LskEr5VC6z172OU6i5b0k4WrfBuBJRhVJ9MUptO7UhUAhsAF8J2FxGQIIKPHmOkXZFtEN4yL6aBtinhf1IU6MXBoQ0ffciQSnHYnW-1FxlA1Ph7qQp8wol6mRnkcHM5gD-MzRUHLqfcDaStkjUMfGL6rBieGwzwSFrpHb-ZZZf9fc/s1170/7F094422-8FA5-42F1-99C9-D179A1CB09E3.jpeg"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxuCpC819epn4LskEr5VC6z172OU6i5b0k4WrfBuBJRhVJ9MUptO7UhUAhsAF8J2FxGQIIKPHmOkXZFtEN4yL6aBtinhf1IU6MXBoQ0ffciQSnHYnW-1FxlA1Ph7qQp8wol6mRnkcHM5gD-MzRUHLqfcDaStkjUMfGL6rBieGwzwSFrpHb-ZZZf9fc/w640-h632/7F094422-8FA5-42F1-99C9-D179A1CB09E3.jpeg" alt="" width="640" height="632" border="0" data-original-height="1156" data-original-width="1170"></a></p>
<p>Prince Alexander Romanoff is a double great-great-great-great-grandson of Emperor Alexander II of Russia:</p>
<p>Emperor Alexander II of Russia -> Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich of Russia -> Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich of Russia -> Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich of Russia -> Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna of Russia -> Grand Duke George Mikhailovich of Russia -> Prince Alexander Romanoff</p>
<p>Emperor Alexander II of Russia -> Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia -> Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha -> Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich of Russia -> Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna of Russia -> Grand Duke George Mikhailovich of Russia -> Prince Alexander Romanoff</p>
<p>Prince Alexander Romanoff is a great-great-great-great-grandson of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom:</p>
<p>Queen Victoria -> Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha -> Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha -> Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich of Russia -> Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna of Russia -> Grand Duke George Mikhailovich of Russia -> Prince Alexander Romanoff</p>
<p>Prince Alexander Romanoff is a great-great-great-grandson of German Emperor Wilhelm II:</p>
<p>German Emperor Wilhelm II -> Prince Joachim of Prussia -> Prince Karl Franz Josef of Prussia -> Prince Franz Wilhelm of Prussia -> Grand Duke George Mikhailovich of Russia -> Prince Alexander Romanoff</p>
<p><strong><em>Our congratulations to the Imperial House of Russia on the birth of Prince Alexander!</em></strong></p>
<p><strong>+++++++</strong></p>
<p><strong>The Ancestry of Prince Alexander Romanoff</strong></p>
<p>1. HSH Prince Alexander Georgievich Romanoff (b.Moscow 21 October 2022)</p>
<p><strong>Parents</strong></p>
<p>2. HIH Grand Duke George Mikhailovich of Russia (b.Madrid 13 March 1981)</p>
<p>m.(civ) Moscow 24 September (rel) Saint Petersburg 1 October 2021</p>
<p>3. Rebecca Virginia Bettarini, took the name Victoria Romanovna upon conversion to Russian Orthodoxy, granted the style and title HSH Princess Romanoff upon marriage (b.Rome 18 May 1982)</p>
<p><strong>Grandparents</strong></p>
<p>4. HRH Prince <em>Franz Wilhelm</em> Victor Christoph Stephan of Prussia, took the name Michael Pavlovich upon conversion to Russian Orthodoxy, granted the style and title HIH Grand Duke of Russia upon marriage (b.Grünberg 3 September 1943)</p>
<p>m.(civ) Dinard 4 September (rel) Madrid 22 September 1976 (div 1985)</p>
<p>5. HIH Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna of Russia (b.Madrid 23 December 1953)</p>
<p>6. Ambassador Roberto Amedeo Simeone Bettarini (b.Taranto 5 May 1947)</p>
<p>m.Kinshasa 13 August 1977</p>
<p>7. Carla Virginia Cacciatore (b.Rome 30 August 1945)</p>
<p><strong>Great-Grandparents</strong></p>
<p>8. HRH Prince<em> Karl Franz Josef</em> Wilhelm Friedrich Eduard Paul of Prussia (Potsdam 15 December 1916-Arica, Chile 23 January 1975)</p>
<p>m.(civ) Doorn 1 October (rel) Berlin 5 October 1940 (div 1946)</p>
<p>9. HSH Princess Henriette Hermine Wanda Ida Luise von Schönaich-Carolath (Berlin 25 November 1918-Neuendettelsau 16 March 1972)</p>
<p>10. HIH Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich of Russia (Porvoo, Finland 30 August 1917-Miami 21 April 1992)</p>
<p>m.(civ) Montreux 12 August (rel) Lausanne 13 August 1948</p>
<p>11. HRH Princess Leonida Georgievna Bagration-Moukhransky (Tbilisi 23 September 1914-Madrid 23 May 2010)</p>
<p>12. Aldo Giulio Icilio Bettarini (Rome 14 April 1910-Rome 10 December 1976)</p>
<p>m.Rome 16 February 1939</p>
<p>13. Marcella Tomassini (Rome 27 June 1908-Rome 1977)</p>
<p>14. Giulio Cacciatore (Melito Porto Salvo, Reggio di Calabria 2 June 1916-Rome 14 October 1988)</p>
<p>m.Rome 10 November 1944</p>
<p>15. Elsa Spoletini (b.Rome 25 March 1924)</p>
<p><strong>Great-Great-Grandparents</strong></p>
<p>16. HRH Prince Joachim Franz Hubert of Prussia (Berlin 17 December 1890-Potsdam 18 July 1920)</p>
<p>m.Schloß Bellevue 11 March 1916 </p>
<p>17. HH Princess <em>Marie Auguste</em> Antoinette Friederike Alexandra Hilda Luise of Anhalt (Ballenstedt 10 June 1898-Essen 22 May 1983)</p>
<p>18. HSH Prince <em>Johann Georg</em> Ludwig Ferdinand August von Schönaich-Carolath (Saabor 11 September 1873-Wölfelsgrund 7 April 1920)</p>
<p>m.Greiz 7 January 1907</p>
<p>19. HSH Princess Hermine Reuss zu Greiz (Greiz 17 December 1887-Paulinenhof 7 August 1947)</p>
<p>20. HIH Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich of Russia (Tsarskoie-Selo 30 September 1876-Neuilly 12 October 1938)</p>
<p>m.Tegernsee 8 October 1905</p>
<p>21. HRH Princess Victoria Melita of Great Britain and Ireland, took the name Victoria Feodorovna upon conversion to Russian Orthodoxy (Malta 25 November 1876-Amorbach 2 March 1936)</p>
<p>22. HRH Prince George Alexandrovich Bagration-Moukhransky (St.Petersburg 16 July 1884-Madrid 29 September 1957)</p>
<p>m.Tbilisi Jul 1908 </p>
<p>23. Elena Zlotnicky (Tbilisi 29 March 1886-Madrid 25 April 1979)</p>
<p>24. Amedeo Angiolo Giuseppe Bettarini (Poggibonsi 21 October 1883-Rome 23 December 1947)</p>
<p>m.Rome 3 February 1910</p>
<p>25. Carolina de Luca (Rome 14 October 1892-)</p>
<p>26. Simeone Tomassini (1863-)</p>
<p>m.</p>
<p>27. Elvira Bartolini (1880-)</p>
<p>28. Alberto Cacciatore (Polistena, Reggio di Calabria 1874-Villa San Giovanni, Reggio di Calabria 5 November 1918) </p>
<p>m.</p>
<p>29. Virginia Rossetti (San Procopio, Reggio di Calabria 1890-)</p>
<p>30. Giovanni Crisostomo Spoletini (Bellegra 4 May 1895-Rome 29 April 1988)</p>
<p>m.Bellegra 18 December 1919</p>
<p>31. Benedetta Regina Maria Ciani (Bellegra 21 July 1897-Rome 10 February 1979)</p>
<p><a title="Euro History Journal" href="https://eurohistoryjournal.blogspot.com" target="_blank"><img src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-0OMUjV7ocn4/XQ2qb8hlzQI/AAAAAAAABGw/mMSC1KS8Yl02jzUWLENzZeAYQ8rOkfkwQCK4BGAYYCw/s850/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-04-22%2Bat%2B11.47.40%2BAM-2.png" alt="Euro History Journal" width="413" height="100"></a></p>Maryamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04307942900246346735noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8800950975312332562.post-1115216886178612092022-09-26T20:46:00.000-07:002023-12-10T16:08:23.323-08:00The Descent of Prince Alexander Romanoff from Empress Catherine the Great<p> <a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Catherine_II_by_Alexey_Antropov_(18th_c%2C_Tver_gallery).jpg"><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Catherine_II_by_Alexey_Antropov_(18th_c%2C_Tver_gallery).jpg" alt="" width="322" height="400" border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="643"></a></p>
<p>Empress Catherine II of Russia (1729-1796)</p>
<p>|</p>
<div><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Emperor_Paul_I_of_Russia.png"><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Emperor_Paul_I_of_Russia.png" alt="" width="293" height="400" border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="586"></a></div>
<p>Emperor Paul of Russia (1754-1801)</p>
<p>|</p>
<div><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/Nicholas_I_of_Russia_by_Alexander_Schwabe_(1843%2C_GIM)_detail_01.jpg"><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/Nicholas_I_of_Russia_by_Alexander_Schwabe_(1843%2C_GIM)_detail_01.jpg" alt="" width="276" height="400" border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="552"></a></div>
<p>Emperor Nicholas I of Russia (1796-1855)</p>
<p>|</p>
<div><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Alexander_II_of_Russia_portrait.jpg"><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/56/Alexander_II_of_Russia_portrait.jpg" alt="" width="342" height="400" border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="683"></a></div>
<p>Emperor Alexander II of Russia (1818-1881)</p>
<p>|</p>
<div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJW5RK3mTIDivzmz4fTHiZgr-GVONDMc7SMas4CLTqz33IVwPk12ZZI4qqqyDh_GYRIBo1p8-cpRmZMRVCFe5vHmz_RHFpcjFQVH_sFZXv6I9LTzdJ0ZidTs8Z-mZoIsz_6i_82WZx-0rZqpSDCM8ydqjbFVQEGjgbr6VFRrrcUfESZfxLrGTamewv/s965/638ae8ef2fa265f4f678a9095b9d2f95.jpg"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJW5RK3mTIDivzmz4fTHiZgr-GVONDMc7SMas4CLTqz33IVwPk12ZZI4qqqyDh_GYRIBo1p8-cpRmZMRVCFe5vHmz_RHFpcjFQVH_sFZXv6I9LTzdJ0ZidTs8Z-mZoIsz_6i_82WZx-0rZqpSDCM8ydqjbFVQEGjgbr6VFRrrcUfESZfxLrGTamewv/w331-h400/638ae8ef2fa265f4f678a9095b9d2f95.jpg" alt="" width="331" height="400" border="0" data-original-height="965" data-original-width="800"></a></div>
<p>Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich of Russia (1847-1909)</p>
<p>|</p>
<div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDlRLi98WHBoatfxEU6aPBzOQz39h3EgvOYqMCEo3GY04wvx93LmoPLT0yFbXYMOT5YpeMehyyQ_9fwY-yeohCTSUv3zmSKnggQkRDZhB0OmE80QfFDlMncgI24DbF8M3idwFvg4MTXRbwm7PU1iZ77tpoeAp4VHrWdVp6-NvL-aEMOZv8z8De5JuU/s2000/343921@2x.jpeg"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDlRLi98WHBoatfxEU6aPBzOQz39h3EgvOYqMCEo3GY04wvx93LmoPLT0yFbXYMOT5YpeMehyyQ_9fwY-yeohCTSUv3zmSKnggQkRDZhB0OmE80QfFDlMncgI24DbF8M3idwFvg4MTXRbwm7PU1iZ77tpoeAp4VHrWdVp6-NvL-aEMOZv8z8De5JuU/w313-h400/343921@2x.jpeg" alt="" width="313" height="400" border="0" data-original-height="2000" data-original-width="1563"></a></div>
<p>Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich of Russia (1876-1938)</p>
<p>|</p>
<div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAGQx6bmzWWYkIE2S0lOWYBgLPETBq9RFswriNlIWMbJss5L9dpR3XMt_qQPFGPabdhPiXngmfFm2YDN28I7FHMLcz0TrtR7w1cT4FAHogUQ1kSczmzg3CXkuG9gSaptWZWCTDJVFMNJaZ8sCqULAFWsSuI1qrRd7FEtdf0WZsqWb1efGU-aQ29gh2/s1348/Screen%20Shot%202022-10-08%20at%2010.52.16%20PM.png"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAGQx6bmzWWYkIE2S0lOWYBgLPETBq9RFswriNlIWMbJss5L9dpR3XMt_qQPFGPabdhPiXngmfFm2YDN28I7FHMLcz0TrtR7w1cT4FAHogUQ1kSczmzg3CXkuG9gSaptWZWCTDJVFMNJaZ8sCqULAFWsSuI1qrRd7FEtdf0WZsqWb1efGU-aQ29gh2/w295-h400/Screen%20Shot%202022-10-08%20at%2010.52.16%20PM.png" alt="" width="295" height="400" border="0" data-original-height="1348" data-original-width="996"></a></div>
<p>Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich of Russia (1917-1992)</p>
<p>|</p>
<div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNm_6WTjE6GsWEH7V5HeijvEs-Kd9bTFMLoDHcgThvgGgUVVLOOuSd52_ZZor7IKfBPCvUCSBCvpHpo50AdlXOh6Y90ryF8SiUYjU-EHamA87G7UA1tNcr-nIHrPrzDhmdtkpyMxoItdwaQUlAlFchlr5PRyqMoKiypR7eoUL0iyEAJRp6P4WNBq5R/s845/IMG_04DF97D09261-1.jpeg"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNm_6WTjE6GsWEH7V5HeijvEs-Kd9bTFMLoDHcgThvgGgUVVLOOuSd52_ZZor7IKfBPCvUCSBCvpHpo50AdlXOh6Y90ryF8SiUYjU-EHamA87G7UA1tNcr-nIHrPrzDhmdtkpyMxoItdwaQUlAlFchlr5PRyqMoKiypR7eoUL0iyEAJRp6P4WNBq5R/w236-h400/IMG_04DF97D09261-1.jpeg" alt="" width="236" height="400" border="0" data-original-height="845" data-original-width="500"></a></div>
<p>Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna of Russia (b.1953)</p>
<p>|</p>
<div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHF6QiKJyXiW1aWcsOG-j9pfoY3Og9KX6BYXjQvP-SQiSJO514oXnMsvAd_RvJ_7bA7tk3Wwf40ZDhq5rhoqAK-qUAmCKDKj31W7ieT3D86K6zIDifST59y7SFeOxdOIwrtH_X-888sZ9QIcKAcIzX2waFJOXwSP2p74KuKaMRzIqqVpmqBR0UOysb/s750/4.jpg"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHF6QiKJyXiW1aWcsOG-j9pfoY3Og9KX6BYXjQvP-SQiSJO514oXnMsvAd_RvJ_7bA7tk3Wwf40ZDhq5rhoqAK-qUAmCKDKj31W7ieT3D86K6zIDifST59y7SFeOxdOIwrtH_X-888sZ9QIcKAcIzX2waFJOXwSP2p74KuKaMRzIqqVpmqBR0UOysb/w265-h400/4.jpg" alt="" width="265" height="400" border="0" data-original-height="750" data-original-width="497"></a></div>
<p>Grand Duke George Mikhailovich of Russia (b.1981)</p>
<p>|</p>
<p>Prince Alexander Georgievich Romanoff (b.2022) </p>
<p><a title="Euro History Journal" href="https://eurohistoryjournal.blogspot.com" target="_blank"><img src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-0OMUjV7ocn4/XQ2qb8hlzQI/AAAAAAAABGw/mMSC1KS8Yl02jzUWLENzZeAYQ8rOkfkwQCK4BGAYYCw/s850/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-04-22%2Bat%2B11.47.40%2BAM-2.png" alt="Euro History Journal" width="413" height="100"></a></p>Maryamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04307942900246346735noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8800950975312332562.post-16549808225001669142022-09-25T22:46:00.000-07:002023-12-13T03:46:25.855-08:00A Charming Photo of the Aosta Family!<table class="tr-caption-container" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjalP4Sn7TRvVfJiC4mn9y3hjmIn_ZL-B6pP66EPzXwRrz2TFcVqTRahocEk216bFRqTJWEloCDJLON-uavpn2hK8Fk3CH3KTQMdvwC0ptCiPS-LzGQJ8gKjPFTkXCcn2RFgW7VP8yJnmE9L_WH_Adp6bFjettjO9GiQ76ruOWt1V8j502R4uD_KeNn/s1079/ambasciata.jpg"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjalP4Sn7TRvVfJiC4mn9y3hjmIn_ZL-B6pP66EPzXwRrz2TFcVqTRahocEk216bFRqTJWEloCDJLON-uavpn2hK8Fk3CH3KTQMdvwC0ptCiPS-LzGQJ8gKjPFTkXCcn2RFgW7VP8yJnmE9L_WH_Adp6bFjettjO9GiQ76ruOWt1V8j502R4uD_KeNn/w426-h640/ambasciata.jpg" alt="" width="426" height="640" border="0" data-original-height="1079" data-original-width="719"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tr-caption">Photo (c) <a href="https://casarealedisavoia.it/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/ambasciata.jpg">Casa Reale di Savoia</a>.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><br>On the revamped website of the Royal House of Savoy, there is a lovely picture of the royal family. We see Prince Aimone, Duke of Aosta, and Princess Olga, Duchess of Aosta, with their three children: Prince Umberto, Prince Amedeo, and Princess Isabella.</p>
<p> </p>
<table class="tr-caption-container" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiD-9pz9f_jOWUcriJ_tTGgRaq-O6Jf3fvrkGLF9bEeHR0DsXbayxRAP6wQquaw296oPRCkyuLtbTZlYgG16qdD6T7FwUJW--A2tLQLMmgC0uVScb6RlDwySiAMiYFMPpzZ4gb9Fyat2aOsCE_Effr7nTDE5YzdnKDA7mjFtbw4rKF2GhpsKsjm9Hok/s440/Amedeo_di_Savoia_Aosta_con_moglie_e_figli.jpg"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiD-9pz9f_jOWUcriJ_tTGgRaq-O6Jf3fvrkGLF9bEeHR0DsXbayxRAP6wQquaw296oPRCkyuLtbTZlYgG16qdD6T7FwUJW--A2tLQLMmgC0uVScb6RlDwySiAMiYFMPpzZ4gb9Fyat2aOsCE_Effr7nTDE5YzdnKDA7mjFtbw4rKF2GhpsKsjm9Hok/w640-h526/Amedeo_di_Savoia_Aosta_con_moglie_e_figli.jpg" alt="" width="640" height="526" border="0" data-original-height="361" data-original-width="440"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tr-caption">Prince Amedeo, Princess Claude, Princess Bianca, Princess Mafalda, and Prince Aimone.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Born on 13 October 1967 at Florence, Prince Aimone Umberto Emanuele Filiberto Luigi Amedeo Elena Maria Fiorenzo of Savoy-Aosta, then Duke of Apulia, was the second child and first son of Prince Amedeo (1943-2021), Duke of Aosta, and Princess Claude d'Orléans (b.1943). Aimone has two sisters: Princess Bianca (b.1966) and Princess Mafalda (b.1969). </p>
<table class="tr-caption-container" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3k7JjfazZ3k/XxDRhZV5J_I/AAAAAAAAECM/LxHEBIkwRxUm5sIpVN1X5MLFjzoOC6UMQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/IMG_5582.jpg"><img src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3k7JjfazZ3k/XxDRhZV5J_I/AAAAAAAAECM/LxHEBIkwRxUm5sIpVN1X5MLFjzoOC6UMQCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/IMG_5582.jpg" alt="" width="640" height="474" border="0" data-original-height="1186" data-original-width="1600"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tr-caption">Prince Michael, Princess Marina, Princess Alexandra, and Princess Olga. </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Born on 17 November 1971 at Athens, Princess Olga Isabelle of Greece is the second daughter of author Prince Michael of Greece and Denmark (b.1939) and artist Marina Karella (b.1940). Olga has one sister, Princess Alexandra (b.1968).</p>
<table class="tr-caption-container" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhFmhH7pz1-lZ1jB0rb5B2C5Ms1secxVFpIL2GE0B91t4TAgtPGkz0EiQEOthw7kpeSj3ND67ByvKI1um-AiBJ8t6RDVGfoJVfQpz5niK0L5yfeg3yD3rAW1QiOCihwXFRMjhzrqJu5Y6JjrQsQluBYLJHR2MW0pOYEgUbCkuwCkJ36FI5_TsCHJoBD=s300"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhFmhH7pz1-lZ1jB0rb5B2C5Ms1secxVFpIL2GE0B91t4TAgtPGkz0EiQEOthw7kpeSj3ND67ByvKI1um-AiBJ8t6RDVGfoJVfQpz5niK0L5yfeg3yD3rAW1QiOCihwXFRMjhzrqJu5Y6JjrQsQluBYLJHR2MW0pOYEgUbCkuwCkJ36FI5_TsCHJoBD" alt="" width="300" height="225" border="0" data-original-height="225" data-original-width="300"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tr-caption">Aimone and Olga's engagement, 2005.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="tr-caption-container" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhwPA-cUF4Y8KVjRZd5xzywaXFMM96UmVU740cjwfD7fhz-u1hFlZBhMsd4bFUSnXWdFCmte0_tE4Cq3lUZXKFUkcV-zNRRFdVUxN9slT_Zf31RSEw9WQHcbqAbE7R8yieO0Q15bkCJxWBStZlbGNPAKT2u_kMFe7MuwG5CHnwSXoJjGp7fgj5ONZU9=s500"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhwPA-cUF4Y8KVjRZd5xzywaXFMM96UmVU740cjwfD7fhz-u1hFlZBhMsd4bFUSnXWdFCmte0_tE4Cq3lUZXKFUkcV-zNRRFdVUxN9slT_Zf31RSEw9WQHcbqAbE7R8yieO0Q15bkCJxWBStZlbGNPAKT2u_kMFe7MuwG5CHnwSXoJjGp7fgj5ONZU9=s16000" alt="" border="0" data-original-height="484" data-original-width="500"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tr-caption">The Duke and Duchess of Apulia on the day of their religious wedding, 2008.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Prince Aimone and Princess Olga announced their engagement in 2005. On 16 September 2008, Aimone of Savoy and Olga of Greece were civilly married at the Italian embassy in Moscow, Russia, where the couple live. The pair celebrated their religious wedding on 27 September at the Church of Panagia Diasozousa on the Isle of Patmos in Greece. Their union was attended by their parents and by King Constantine II and Queen Anne-Marie of the Hellenes. </p>
<table class="tr-caption-container" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiIk7Wcyclr7C8U8jfikzIllKgcNOUl1-U90Xx_CIOL1Yp_0BuL-I_pFltJbu4ZM8SjqXVRwqHhj6HVm2fkw0qE4PNYAqo5wW0HyTsp5PbCf_-V_0U3AXzJKAJqPmL7vbyDRqZZnjBGpOdUWnO6H3n2Z5JmPoaBOVPe3Fy4Qmbzo152A_9HkI9m8K1u=s512"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiIk7Wcyclr7C8U8jfikzIllKgcNOUl1-U90Xx_CIOL1Yp_0BuL-I_pFltJbu4ZM8SjqXVRwqHhj6HVm2fkw0qE4PNYAqo5wW0HyTsp5PbCf_-V_0U3AXzJKAJqPmL7vbyDRqZZnjBGpOdUWnO6H3n2Z5JmPoaBOVPe3Fy4Qmbzo152A_9HkI9m8K1u=s16000" alt="" border="0" data-original-height="341" data-original-width="512"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tr-caption">The Duke and Duchess of Apulia with their first child, Prince Umberto, at his baptism.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="tr-caption-container" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjqeqZlUwv6z2OWMM2YVrgYEGt1g7bE2P-oNyuRjEPrYxBvBAH-VzUZlYkKQw8NyOU8lFDp1NnN_NOsJ_L048otyYf2p9Su_y26jV6IP-bjdt0dS2A_9B4iiiiS2kzft5_bo6TZnonO4qJ7L-qMrUSU2_vACcnoAFdkS3TNzdhvFhe-xi5V_ySAowUV=s600"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjqeqZlUwv6z2OWMM2YVrgYEGt1g7bE2P-oNyuRjEPrYxBvBAH-VzUZlYkKQw8NyOU8lFDp1NnN_NOsJ_L048otyYf2p9Su_y26jV6IP-bjdt0dS2A_9B4iiiiS2kzft5_bo6TZnonO4qJ7L-qMrUSU2_vACcnoAFdkS3TNzdhvFhe-xi5V_ySAowUV=s16000" alt="" border="0" data-original-height="414" data-original-width="600"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tr-caption">The baptism of Prince Amedeo of Savoy.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="tr-caption-container" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg5q-3TLJBbO-unxte9-WStWAjeZXRsKITcH7rbZWf4ql2NztfUfkXZDis9_Hy3s-G8UaDe3X0qZsmYFq91cP3VVgR9jGGwGgMFI-q3Tr1H2h0hjCVDqzv1s5xzrijSrMofNcuyqdFY90lvM8eipOFdzzrhz-PukoyxsXw11KKzbz0p3rV5RusdrglJ=s800"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg5q-3TLJBbO-unxte9-WStWAjeZXRsKITcH7rbZWf4ql2NztfUfkXZDis9_Hy3s-G8UaDe3X0qZsmYFq91cP3VVgR9jGGwGgMFI-q3Tr1H2h0hjCVDqzv1s5xzrijSrMofNcuyqdFY90lvM8eipOFdzzrhz-PukoyxsXw11KKzbz0p3rV5RusdrglJ=w480-h640" alt="" width="480" height="640" border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="600"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tr-caption">The baptism of Princess Isabella of Savoy.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>The Duke and Duchess of Aosta have three children. Prince Umberto Sathya of Savoy-Aosta, Prince of Piedmont, was born on 7 March 2009 at Paris. Prince Amedeo Michele of Savoy-Aosta, Duke of the Abruzzi, was born on 24 May 2011 at Paris. Princess Isabella Vita Marina of Savoy-Aosta was born on 14 December 2012 at Paris. </p>
<table class="tr-caption-container" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhrvVNRTpyHkUI_QqvQtr0IcnDCTSEc6ibVhe-V7G0tK0VlHYl3vE7VYnSKVfmYwbCn1X6OyCLT7jTIolNrb1US05vab_TXMMHi3gDdo-rpmXu97N3q4I0G3rKiFJR6Nhmp4n1CiHiGDJr6FyNa1T3DSakxNd9FGLgBqvOwcRz2TyY5Zs3vdO16vcRd=s1920"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhrvVNRTpyHkUI_QqvQtr0IcnDCTSEc6ibVhe-V7G0tK0VlHYl3vE7VYnSKVfmYwbCn1X6OyCLT7jTIolNrb1US05vab_TXMMHi3gDdo-rpmXu97N3q4I0G3rKiFJR6Nhmp4n1CiHiGDJr6FyNa1T3DSakxNd9FGLgBqvOwcRz2TyY5Zs3vdO16vcRd=w522-h640" alt="" width="522" height="640" border="0" data-original-height="1920" data-original-width="1563"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tr-caption">Princess Olga and Prince Aimone arrive at the reception following the wedding of Grand Duke George of Russia in Saint Petersburg, 2021.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><a title="Euro History Journal" href="https://eurohistoryjournal.blogspot.com" target="_blank"><img src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-0OMUjV7ocn4/XQ2qb8hlzQI/AAAAAAAABGw/mMSC1KS8Yl02jzUWLENzZeAYQ8rOkfkwQCK4BGAYYCw/s850/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-04-22%2Bat%2B11.47.40%2BAM-2.png" alt="Euro History Journal" width="413" height="100"></a></p>Maryamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04307942900246346735noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8800950975312332562.post-12677552596523553552022-09-24T10:46:00.000-07:002023-12-10T16:12:00.857-08:00The 70th Birthday of Princess Laure Napoléon<table class="tr-caption-container" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDD0G4w9tBpTaY_HwwdPCruFA5nIgJblKnPoYd1Ar8K8xWcYV60TUXG8CK0gjeIxIdi3-skLR8BUQWZvfD7rgp7wjqn-SWUUDxsBEm6BFSQV3uIdAC3rcJqPgYu3idfh33cjnSlgUowss9EkKzWuXctx-DgzijJ1mxkux_z8CJEjkNexC-6ll49yOz/s3130/5063F4BE-3F15-4FD8-98DC-DA8A2A439ACE.jpeg"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDD0G4w9tBpTaY_HwwdPCruFA5nIgJblKnPoYd1Ar8K8xWcYV60TUXG8CK0gjeIxIdi3-skLR8BUQWZvfD7rgp7wjqn-SWUUDxsBEm6BFSQV3uIdAC3rcJqPgYu3idfh33cjnSlgUowss9EkKzWuXctx-DgzijJ1mxkux_z8CJEjkNexC-6ll49yOz/w582-h640/5063F4BE-3F15-4FD8-98DC-DA8A2A439ACE.jpeg" alt="" width="582" height="640" border="0" data-original-height="3130" data-original-width="2851"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tr-caption">Princess Laure with her dog on the shores of Lake Geneva.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p> </p>
<table class="tr-caption-container" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-BknkbWvxeas/YFlRvWwtdWI/AAAAAAAAGAw/Zc_8CFZHQsgiU2jgl6X7hBDFIM4VasYGQCLcBGAsYHQ/s2048/IMG_6401-2.jpg"><img src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-BknkbWvxeas/YFlRvWwtdWI/AAAAAAAAGAw/Zc_8CFZHQsgiU2jgl6X7hBDFIM4VasYGQCLcBGAsYHQ/w640-h586/IMG_6401-2.jpg" alt="" width="640" height="586" border="0" data-original-height="1878" data-original-width="2048"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tr-caption">Louis and Alix with their children (left to right) Catherine, Laure, Jérôme, and Charles.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Today, Princess Laure Napoléon celebrates her seventieth birthday!</p>
<table class="tr-caption-container" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-oJ9p7v8FM0A/YFlSBpBh7kI/AAAAAAAAGA4/V6otTFMhe7YdPp50MO11EfDqkidXQwmOACLcBGAsYHQ/s624/SC-M1033537-INC-004-original-backup.jpg"><img src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-oJ9p7v8FM0A/YFlSBpBh7kI/AAAAAAAAGA4/V6otTFMhe7YdPp50MO11EfDqkidXQwmOACLcBGAsYHQ/w636-h640/SC-M1033537-INC-004-original-backup.jpg" alt="" width="636" height="640" border="0" data-original-height="624" data-original-width="620"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tr-caption">The Prince and Princess Napoléon with their four children, 1969.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Born on 8 October 1952 at Paris, Princess Laure Clémentine Geneviève Napoléon was the third child and second daughter of Prince Louis Napoléon (1914-1997), Head of the Imperial House of Bonaparte, and his wife Princess Alix (b.1926; née de Foresta), who wed in 1949. Laure's middle names come from her paternal and maternal grandmothers, Princess Clémentine of Belgium and Geneviève Fredet. Laure joined two older siblings, the twins Prince Charles (b.1950; married 1st Princess Béatrice of Bourbon-Two Sicilies; married 2nd Jeanne Françoise Valliccionni) and Princess Catherine (b.1950; married 1st Nicolò San Martino d'Agliè dei Marchesi di Fontanetto; married 2nd Jean-Claude Dualé), and Laure was followed by a younger brother, Prince Jérôme (b.1957; married Licia Innocenti). The princess was raised at the family home in Prangins, Switzerland. On 23 December 1982 at Grenoble, Princess Laure married Jean-Claude Lecomte (1948-2009). The couple had one son, Clément Louis Lecomte (b.1995). In 2005, the princess attended the funeral of her cousin Grand Duchess Joséphine-Charlotte of Luxembourg along with her brother Prince Jérôme.</p>
<table class="tr-caption-container" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2HEakVsV9Co0DWCWrPgjftrPuyBRo4Ekr3pk2jVv0qaUMVCefEjOiA1q0PxlFU2arjeXlXlMqNq05oaDV1XON1hFKcD1ps7F5VO6suxRqIg2Czi-5C3ydQgrDjfJKs6aUSzBLyTc-6lMGoPXhg0z7vjDBvhJ8a3Dd_jDL_04fq3fIwsESKtldrf2-/s3575/58873DFE-92CB-40D2-8C41-1E221C59ABD7.jpeg"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2HEakVsV9Co0DWCWrPgjftrPuyBRo4Ekr3pk2jVv0qaUMVCefEjOiA1q0PxlFU2arjeXlXlMqNq05oaDV1XON1hFKcD1ps7F5VO6suxRqIg2Czi-5C3ydQgrDjfJKs6aUSzBLyTc-6lMGoPXhg0z7vjDBvhJ8a3Dd_jDL_04fq3fIwsESKtldrf2-/w293-h400/58873DFE-92CB-40D2-8C41-1E221C59ABD7.jpeg" alt="" width="293" height="400" border="0" data-original-height="3575" data-original-width="2609"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tr-caption">Princess Laure at her christening, November 1952.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><strong><em>Our best wishes to the Princess on her birthday!</em></strong></p>
<p><a title="Euro History Journal" href="https://eurohistoryjournal.blogspot.com" target="_blank"><img src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-0OMUjV7ocn4/XQ2qb8hlzQI/AAAAAAAABGw/mMSC1KS8Yl02jzUWLENzZeAYQ8rOkfkwQCK4BGAYYCw/s850/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-04-22%2Bat%2B11.47.40%2BAM-2.png" alt="Euro History Journal" width="413" height="100"></a></p>Maryamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04307942900246346735noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8800950975312332562.post-48938176354866463192022-09-23T05:46:00.000-07:002023-12-10T15:57:04.324-08:00 Portrait of a Marriage: Princess Charlotte of Monaco and Count Pierre de Polignac<div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-1334776171350138780" itemprop="description articleBody" style=""> <table class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xu-PaDHTobw/XmBal91p33I/AAAAAAAADBE/Af6gFxSU2sIvMR2Ztj2US7nTR5euUn7NQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/20170622-001324.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img data-original-height="638" data-original-width="462" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xu-PaDHTobw/XmBal91p33I/AAAAAAAADBE/Af6gFxSU2sIvMR2Ztj2US7nTR5euUn7NQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/20170622-001324.jpg" style="" border="0"></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Princess Charlotte of Monaco weds Count Pierre de Polignac</td></tr> </tbody></table> On 2 February 1920 in Paris, the engagement was announced between Count Pierre de Polignac and Princess Charlotte of Monaco, Duchess of<b style="caret-color: rgb(34, 34, 34); color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </b>Valentinois. This union between the French nobleman and the Monegasque royal was destined to secure the future of the Grimaldi dynasty.
<div style="text-align: center;"> <div class="getty embed image" style="background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-size: auto auto; display: inline-block; font-family: Roboto,sans-serif; color: rgb(167, 167, 167); font-size: 11px; width: 100%; max-width: 471px;"><div style="background:none;padding:0;margin:0;text-align:left;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220930122815/http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/3296761" target="_blank" style="color:#a7a7a7;text-decoration:none;font-weight:normal !important;border:none;display:inline-block;">Embed from Getty Images</a></div><div style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;height:0;padding:126.11464968152866% 0 0 0;width:100%;"><iframe src="https://web.archive.org/web/20220930120823if_///embed.gettyimages.com/embed/3296761?et=yPi9jiOSS9BFlwO8gmcFiA&tld=com&sig=t1c8mB9O4Hd3Qsobt8KBFZPmEWckYek1GYHLhTM2yCw=&caption=true&ver=2" scrolling="no" style="display:inline-block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;" data-ruffle-polyfilled="" frameborder="0" width="471px" height="594px"></iframe></div></div><script>window.gie=window.gie||function(c){(gie.q=gie.q||[]).push(c)};gie(function(){gie.widgets.load({id:'yPi9jiOSS9BFlwO8gmcFiA',sig:'t1c8mB9O4Hd3Qsobt8KBFZPmEWckYek1GYHLhTM2yCw=',w:'471px',h:'594px',items:'3296761',caption: true ,tld:'com',is360: false })});</script><script async="" charset="utf-8" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220930120823js_/https://embed-cdn.gettyimages.com/widgets.js"></script></div>
Count Pierre Marie Xavier Raphaël Antoine Melchior de Polignac was born on 24 October 1895 at the Château de Kerscamp. Pierre was the fourth son and seventh child of Count Maxence de Polignac and Suzanne de la Torre y Mier. Pierre served in the French Armed Forces during World War I. He became a friend of Marcel Proust and Jean Cocteau.
<div style="text-align: center;"> <div class="getty embed image" style="background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-size: auto auto; display: inline-block; font-family: Roboto,sans-serif; color: rgb(167, 167, 167); font-size: 11px; width: 100%; max-width: 457px;"><div style="background:none;padding:0;margin:0;text-align:left;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220930122815/http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/3300310" target="_blank" style="color:#a7a7a7;text-decoration:none;font-weight:normal !important;border:none;display:inline-block;">Embed from Getty Images</a></div><div style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;height:0;padding:129.97811816192558% 0 0 0;width:100%;"><iframe src="https://web.archive.org/web/20220930120823if_///embed.gettyimages.com/embed/3300310?et=54H_EIRjSqVqHbM87XQxIw&tld=com&sig=2GccjmGjYjMocYlSigpM_E0otK-cYuPofvStDYH8dvc=&caption=true&ver=2" scrolling="no" style="display:inline-block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;" data-ruffle-polyfilled="" frameborder="0" width="457px" height="594px"></iframe></div></div><script>window.gie=window.gie||function(c){(gie.q=gie.q||[]).push(c)};gie(function(){gie.widgets.load({id:'54H_EIRjSqVqHbM87XQxIw',sig:'2GccjmGjYjMocYlSigpM_E0otK-cYuPofvStDYH8dvc=',w:'457px',h:'594px',items:'3300310',caption: true ,tld:'com',is360: false })});</script><script async="" charset="utf-8" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220930120823js_/https://embed-cdn.gettyimages.com/widgets.js"></script></div>
Charlotte Louise Juliette de Monaco was born on 30 September 1898 at Constantine, French Algeria. Charlotte was the only child of Prince Louis of Monaco and Marie <i>Juliette</i> Louvet. In 1919, Prince Louis formally adopted Charlotte in Paris, and she was recognised as his legitimate daughter as a consequence of this adoption. Charlotte was transformed from being simply "<i>Mademoiselle Charlotte Grimaldi de Monaco</i>" into "<i>Her Serene Highness Princess Charlotte of Monaco, Duchess of<b style="caret-color: rgb(34, 34, 34); color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"> </b>Valentinois.</i>"
<table class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nRaDu2ic5Vo/XmB4L1d4GKI/AAAAAAAADBQ/ibndaN3cCmsaRncucIZaTtgt_kmuJPHywCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Mary_Victoria_Douglas-Hamilton_and_Prince_of_Monaco_Albert_I.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img data-original-height="924" data-original-width="648" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nRaDu2ic5Vo/XmB4L1d4GKI/AAAAAAAADBQ/ibndaN3cCmsaRncucIZaTtgt_kmuJPHywCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Mary_Victoria_Douglas-Hamilton_and_Prince_of_Monaco_Albert_I.png" width="448" border="0" height="640"></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Hereditary Prince Albert and Hereditary Princess Mary of Monaco</td></tr> </tbody></table> Charlotte's father Louis (1870-1949) was the only son of Prince Albert I of Monaco (1848-1922) and Lady Mary Victoria Hamilton (1850-1922), who married in 1869 and whose marriage was annulled in 1880. Prince Albert was the only child of Prince Charles III of Monaco (1818-1889) and Countess Antoinette de Mérode (1828-1864). Lady Mary was the only daughter of William Hamilton (1811-1863), the 11th Duke of Hamilton, and Princess Marie Amelie of Baden (1817-1888).
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <div class="getty embed image" style="background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-size: auto auto; display: inline-block; font-family: Roboto,sans-serif; color: rgb(167, 167, 167); font-size: 11px; width: 100%; max-width: 420px;"><div style="background:none;padding:0;margin:0;text-align:left;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220930122815/http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/3285951" target="_blank" style="color:#a7a7a7;text-decoration:none;font-weight:normal !important;border:none;display:inline-block;">Embed from Getty Images</a></div><div style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;height:0;padding:141.42857142857144% 0 0 0;width:100%;"><iframe src="https://web.archive.org/web/20220930120823if_///embed.gettyimages.com/embed/3285951?et=8cYIObwjRCZiIg2hgVSg1Q&tld=com&sig=4IeYogfJTL58JKP_dmqvh3vqJjXzh_0eRjkPpQLIzQA=&caption=true&ver=2" scrolling="no" style="display:inline-block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;" data-ruffle-polyfilled="" frameborder="0" width="420px" height="594px"></iframe></div></div><script>window.gie=window.gie||function(c){(gie.q=gie.q||[]).push(c)};gie(function(){gie.widgets.load({id:'8cYIObwjRCZiIg2hgVSg1Q',sig:'4IeYogfJTL58JKP_dmqvh3vqJjXzh_0eRjkPpQLIzQA=',w:'420px',h:'594px',items:'3285951',caption: true ,tld:'com',is360: false })});</script><script async="" charset="utf-8" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220930120823js_/https://embed-cdn.gettyimages.com/widgets.js"></script></div> <div style="text-align: center;">
</div> <div style="text-align: left;"> On 19 March 1920, Princess Charlotte of Monaco and Count Pierre de Polignac were married in a civil ceremony at Monte Carlo. The couple were joined in matrimony in a Roman Catholic service the following day, 20 March. The day before the civil wedding, on 18 March, Pierre de Polignac took the Grimaldi surname and became a Monegasque citizen. By virtue of marrying Charlotte, Pierre was titled as the Duke of Valentinois. Alas, this alliance between Charlotte and Pierre was not destined to end "<i>happily ever after</i>" for the parties involved. </div> <div style="text-align: center;">
</div> <div style="text-align: center;"> <div class="getty embed image" style="background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-size: auto auto; display: inline-block; font-family: Roboto,sans-serif; color: rgb(167, 167, 167); font-size: 11px; width: 100%; max-width: 594px;"><div style="background:none;padding:0;margin:0;text-align:left;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220930122815/http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/108379649" target="_blank" style="color:#a7a7a7;text-decoration:none;font-weight:normal !important;border:none;display:inline-block;">Embed from Getty Images</a></div><div style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;height:0;padding:65.993265993266% 0 0 0;width:100%;"><iframe src="https://web.archive.org/web/20220930120823if_///embed.gettyimages.com/embed/108379649?et=RN-dxwUiRIlJqLs-LIcSkQ&tld=com&sig=soomY59N765QKr3CwOKEGxM-ke3bSc3AlhKpRDPlQDk=&caption=true&ver=2" scrolling="no" style="display:inline-block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;" data-ruffle-polyfilled="" frameborder="0" width="594px" height="392px"></iframe></div></div><script>window.gie=window.gie||function(c){(gie.q=gie.q||[]).push(c)};gie(function(){gie.widgets.load({id:'RN-dxwUiRIlJqLs-LIcSkQ',sig:'soomY59N765QKr3CwOKEGxM-ke3bSc3AlhKpRDPlQDk=',w:'594px',h:'392px',items:'108379649',caption: true ,tld:'com',is360: false })});</script><script async="" charset="utf-8" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220930120823js_/https://embed-cdn.gettyimages.com/widgets.js"></script></div> <div style="text-align: center;">
</div> The Duke and Duchess of Valentinois welcomed their first child within nine months of their union. Princess Antoinette Louise Alberte Suzanne of Monaco was born on 28 December 1920 at Paris. Almost three years later, Charlotte and Pierre produced their second child and only son: Prince Rainier Louis Henri Maxence Bertrand of Monaco arrived at the Princely Palace in Monte Carlo on 31 May 1923. After the birth of their second and last child, Pierre and Charlotte's marriage foundered.
<div style="text-align: center;"> <div class="getty embed image" style="background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-size: auto auto; display: inline-block; font-family: Roboto,sans-serif; color: rgb(167, 167, 167); font-size: 11px; width: 100%; max-width: 594px;"><div style="background:none;padding:0;margin:0;text-align:left;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220930122815/http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/104402911" target="_blank" style="color:#a7a7a7;text-decoration:none;font-weight:normal !important;border:none;display:inline-block;">Embed from Getty Images</a></div><div style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;height:0;padding:78.95622895622895% 0 0 0;width:100%;"><iframe src="https://web.archive.org/web/20220930120823if_///embed.gettyimages.com/embed/104402911?et=BsFqhqK1S-tlXMvs4O4KzA&tld=com&sig=34p2tiwoIGnKxALa9ziK7sbviwrSJa5V8oKAtcOsP-M=&caption=true&ver=2" scrolling="no" style="display:inline-block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;" data-ruffle-polyfilled="" frameborder="0" width="594px" height="469px"></iframe></div></div><script>window.gie=window.gie||function(c){(gie.q=gie.q||[]).push(c)};gie(function(){gie.widgets.load({id:'BsFqhqK1S-tlXMvs4O4KzA',sig:'34p2tiwoIGnKxALa9ziK7sbviwrSJa5V8oKAtcOsP-M=',w:'594px',h:'469px',items:'104402911',caption: true ,tld:'com',is360: false })});</script><script async="" charset="utf-8" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220930120823js_/https://embed-cdn.gettyimages.com/widgets.js"></script></div>
In March 1930, Princess Charlotte and Prince Pierre legally separated after a decade of not-so-wedded bliss. Former French president Raymond Poincaré acted as a mediator for the princely couple. Charlotte left her husband in favour of her lover, the Italian doctor Pietro Dalmazzo. In her case for a separation, Charlotte sought a division of the couple's marital property. In his followup to his wife's lawsuit, Pierre cited Charlotte's lover Dr Dalmazzo as a factor in the breakdown of the marriage. Pierre temporarily placed his children, Antoinette and Rainier, in the custody of Princess Henriette of Belgium, Duchess of Vendome. This infuriated Pierre's father-in-law Prince Louis II. In February 1933, the divorce between Hereditary Princess Charlotte of Monaco and Prince Pierre was officially announced by the princely palace in Monte Carlo. In a letter to her father, the princess wrote: "<i>All I ask is to be permitted to seek a peaceful life for myself. For reasons which have been clear for three years, I ask you to dissolve my marital ties and to grant me an absolute divorce.</i>" The dissolution of the couple's marriage "<i>led to unofficial indications of displeasure from the Vatican.</i>" As a condition of receiving the divorce, and in a stipulation that was only ratified years later, Charlotte gave up her succession rights so that her son Rainier would be the immediate heir of his grandpa Louis.
<div style="text-align: center;"> <div class="getty embed image" style="background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-size: auto auto; display: inline-block; font-family: Roboto,sans-serif; color: rgb(167, 167, 167); font-size: 11px; width: 100%; max-width: 594px;"><div style="background:none;padding:0;margin:0;text-align:left;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220930122815/http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/514948588" target="_blank" style="color:#a7a7a7;text-decoration:none;font-weight:normal !important;border:none;display:inline-block;">Embed from Getty Images</a></div><div style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;height:0;padding:98.48484848484848% 0 0 0;width:100%;"><iframe src="https://web.archive.org/web/20220930120823if_///embed.gettyimages.com/embed/514948588?et=sR0RzkiCQZ5kd0WoiE4tDQ&tld=com&sig=IrxlvUtH-0PLtpP8nnrnTnEA0Uqwfy62j9R-AoE4KSw=&caption=true&ver=2" scrolling="no" style="display:inline-block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;" data-ruffle-polyfilled="" frameborder="0" width="594px" height="585px"></iframe></div></div><script>window.gie=window.gie||function(c){(gie.q=gie.q||[]).push(c)};gie(function(){gie.widgets.load({id:'sR0RzkiCQZ5kd0WoiE4tDQ',sig:'IrxlvUtH-0PLtpP8nnrnTnEA0Uqwfy62j9R-AoE4KSw=',w:'594px',h:'585px',items:'514948588',caption: true ,tld:'com',is360: false })});</script><script async="" charset="utf-8" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220930120823js_/https://embed-cdn.gettyimages.com/widgets.js"></script></div> <div>
</div> <div> On 9 May 1949, Prince Louis II of Monaco passed away at the age of seventy-eight. He was succeeded by his grandson, who became Prince Rainier III. Both Charlotte and Pierre attended the celebrations that marked their son's succession to the Monegasque throne. By this time, Charlotte had taken up residence at her family's Château de Marchais outside of Paris. Pierre was also a resident of his country of birth. </div> <div>
</div> <table class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Q-n3Dp3-W4c/XmB7_gfeEzI/AAAAAAAADBc/G5xjuPzWP2k-1s_w0NYqq2qetXcZb5H9QCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/img_0039.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img data-original-height="852" data-original-width="679" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Q-n3Dp3-W4c/XmB7_gfeEzI/AAAAAAAADBc/G5xjuPzWP2k-1s_w0NYqq2qetXcZb5H9QCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/img_0039.jpg" width="510" border="0" height="640"></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Prince Rainier, Princess Charlotte, Prince Pierre, and Princess Antoinette of Monaco in 1956.</td></tr> </tbody></table> <div> The wedding of Prince Rainier was the last public occasion to reunite his parents. Charlotte and Pierre both attended the union of their son to the American actress Grace Patricia Kelly in April 1956. Rainier's nephew Baron Christian de Massy, the only son of Princess Antoinette, recounted the acrimonious goings-on between his grandparents during this family event in his memoirs:</div> <blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Some time after, when I was older, Aunt Grace told me that the royal wedding day and the whole period that preceded it were among the worst ordeals she had ever known. At the various official and unofficial occasions, the lunches, the dinners, and the other family gatherings, she was miserably aware of the tension that existed in most of the family, and especially between Charlotte and Polignac, who even carried on vicious arguments right in front of her and Uncle Rainier. At one point she heard Polignac say, in a deliberate slight to Charlotte, and referring to her illegitimate birth, "</i>At least my son married a <u>real</u> princess!<i>" Grace had naturally dreamed that her new parents-in-law would be pleasant and compatible; the fact that her mother-in-law was less than welcoming to her and that Mamou despised her own [ex-]husband was very painful to Grace, for whom family links were of primary importance. One of her first wishes was to make the difficult, quarrelling Grimaldis a family as united as hers. She now understood that this was impossible.</i></blockquote> <div style="text-align: center;"> <div class="getty embed image" style="background-image: none; background-repeat: repeat; background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-size: auto auto; display: inline-block; font-family: Roboto,sans-serif; color: rgb(167, 167, 167); font-size: 11px; width: 100%; max-width: 442px;"><div style="background:none;padding:0;margin:0;text-align:left;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220930122815/http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/3296775" target="_blank" style="color:#a7a7a7;text-decoration:none;font-weight:normal !important;border:none;display:inline-block;">Embed from Getty Images</a></div><div style="overflow:hidden;position:relative;height:0;padding:134.38914027149323% 0 0 0;width:100%;"><iframe src="https://web.archive.org/web/20220930120823if_///embed.gettyimages.com/embed/3296775?et=jW_2p0uJRjFxLzCtTBPkRg&tld=com&sig=O06aQ4dBXaeuVLuYIDxgxP5bt0jW3q3cAmjcaEKGEkM=&caption=true&ver=2" scrolling="no" style="display:inline-block;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;" data-ruffle-polyfilled="" frameborder="0" width="442px" height="594px"></iframe></div></div><script>window.gie=window.gie||function(c){(gie.q=gie.q||[]).push(c)};gie(function(){gie.widgets.load({id:'jW_2p0uJRjFxLzCtTBPkRg',sig:'O06aQ4dBXaeuVLuYIDxgxP5bt0jW3q3cAmjcaEKGEkM=',w:'442px',h:'594px',items:'3296775',caption: true ,tld:'com',is360: false })});</script><script async="" charset="utf-8" src="//web.archive.org/web/20220930120823js_/https://embed-cdn.gettyimages.com/widgets.js"></script></div> <div>
</div> <div> Several months after Rainier's wedding, in July 1956, Pierre underwent a 2 1/2 hour operation for a stomach ulcer in Charlottesville, Virginia.
On 10 November 1964, Prince Pierre of Monaco died of cancer at the American Hospital in Neuilly-sur-Seine. The prince had been an active patron of the arts. He was sixty-nine years-old. Rainier and Antoinette were at their father's bedside when he passed away. Pierre's former wife survived him by over a decade. Princess Charlotte of Monaco died on 15 November 1977 at the Château de Marchais. The princess had taken to rehabilitating ex-convicts on her estate. She was seventy-nine years-old. Both Charlotte and Pierre are buried at the Chapelle de la Paix in Monte Carlo. </div> <div>
</div> <table class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-QQ1iUgb6aeg/XmCHhBiLBAI/AAAAAAAADBo/qdN1F5NAU84NiYEj3pTRyNCSGAcdSin7wCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/a3a3e5bfb006f134974ccb3023b87dfa.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img data-original-height="648" data-original-width="495" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-QQ1iUgb6aeg/XmCHhBiLBAI/AAAAAAAADBo/qdN1F5NAU84NiYEj3pTRyNCSGAcdSin7wCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/a3a3e5bfb006f134974ccb3023b87dfa.jpg" border="0"></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Charlotte and Pierre.</td></tr> </tbody></table> <div style="clear: both;"></div> </div>
<p><a title="Euro History Journal" href="https://eurohistoryjournal.blogspot.com" target="_blank"><img src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-0OMUjV7ocn4/XQ2qb8hlzQI/AAAAAAAABGw/mMSC1KS8Yl02jzUWLENzZeAYQ8rOkfkwQCK4BGAYYCw/s850/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-04-22%2Bat%2B11.47.40%2BAM-2.png" alt="Euro History Journal" width="413" height="100"></a></p>Maryamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04307942900246346735noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8800950975312332562.post-75088645927002984062022-09-22T07:46:00.000-07:002023-12-13T03:45:22.181-08:00Portrait of a Marriage: Princess Charlotte of Monaco and Count Pierre de Polignac<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="/https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xu-PaDHTobw/XmBal91p33I/AAAAAAAADBE/Af6gFxSU2sIvMR2Ztj2US7nTR5euUn7NQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/20170622-001324.jpg"><img src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xu-PaDHTobw/XmBal91p33I/AAAAAAAADBE/Af6gFxSU2sIvMR2Ztj2US7nTR5euUn7NQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/20170622-001324.jpg" alt="" border="0" data-original-height="638" data-original-width="462"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Princess Charlotte of Monaco weds Count Pierre de Polignac</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>On 2 February 1920 in Paris, the engagement was announced between Count Pierre de Polignac and Princess Charlotte of Monaco, Duchess ofValentinois. This union between the French nobleman and the Monegasque royal was destined to secure the future of the Grimaldi dynasty.<br><br></p>
<div>
<div>
<div><a href="http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/3296761" target="_blank">Embed from Getty Images</a></div>
<div><iframe src="//embed.gettyimages.com/embed/3296761?et=yPi9jiOSS9BFlwO8gmcFiA&tld=com&sig=t1c8mB9O4Hd3Qsobt8KBFZPmEWckYek1GYHLhTM2yCw=&caption=true&ver=2" width="471px" height="594px" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" data-ruffle-polyfilled=""></iframe></div>
</div>
</div>
<p><br>Count Pierre Marie Xavier Raphaël Antoine Melchior de Polignac was born on 24 October 1895 at the Château de Kerscamp. Pierre was the fourth son and seventh child of Count Maxence de Polignac and Suzanne de la Torre y Mier. Pierre served in the French Armed Forces during World War I. He became a friend of Marcel Proust and Jean Cocteau.<br><br></p>
<div>
<div>
<div><a href="http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/3300310" target="_blank">Embed from Getty Images</a></div>
<div><iframe src="//embed.gettyimages.com/embed/3300310?et=54H_EIRjSqVqHbM87XQxIw&tld=com&sig=2GccjmGjYjMocYlSigpM_E0otK-cYuPofvStDYH8dvc=&caption=true&ver=2" width="457px" height="594px" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" data-ruffle-polyfilled=""></iframe></div>
</div>
</div>
<p><br>Charlotte Louise Juliette de Monaco was born on 30 September 1898 at Constantine, French Algeria. Charlotte was the only child of Prince Louis of Monaco and Marie <em>Juliette</em> Louvet. In 1919, Prince Louis formally adopted Charlotte in Paris, and she was recognised as his legitimate daughter as a consequence of this adoption. Charlotte was transformed from being simply "<em>Mademoiselle Charlotte Grimaldi de Monaco</em>" into "<em>Her Serene Highness Princess Charlotte of Monaco, Duchess ofValentinois.</em>"<br><br></p>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="/https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nRaDu2ic5Vo/XmB4L1d4GKI/AAAAAAAADBQ/ibndaN3cCmsaRncucIZaTtgt_kmuJPHywCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Mary_Victoria_Douglas-Hamilton_and_Prince_of_Monaco_Albert_I.png"><img src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nRaDu2ic5Vo/XmB4L1d4GKI/AAAAAAAADBQ/ibndaN3cCmsaRncucIZaTtgt_kmuJPHywCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/Mary_Victoria_Douglas-Hamilton_and_Prince_of_Monaco_Albert_I.png" alt="" width="448" height="640" border="0" data-original-height="924" data-original-width="648"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>The Hereditary Prince Albert and Hereditary Princess Mary of Monaco</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Charlotte's father Louis (1870-1949) was the only son of Prince Albert I of Monaco (1848-1922) and Lady Mary Victoria Hamilton (1850-1922), who married in 1869 and whose marriage was annulled in 1880. Prince Albert was the only child of Prince Charles III of Monaco (1818-1889) and Countess Antoinette de Mérode (1828-1864). Lady Mary was the only daughter of William Hamilton (1811-1863), the 11th Duke of Hamilton, and Princess Marie Amelie of Baden (1817-1888).</p>
<div>
<div>
<div><a href="http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/3285951" target="_blank">Embed from Getty Images</a></div>
<div><iframe src="//embed.gettyimages.com/embed/3285951?et=8cYIObwjRCZiIg2hgVSg1Q&tld=com&sig=4IeYogfJTL58JKP_dmqvh3vqJjXzh_0eRjkPpQLIzQA=&caption=true&ver=2" width="420px" height="594px" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" data-ruffle-polyfilled=""></iframe></div>
</div>
</div>
<div>On 19 March 1920, Princess Charlotte of Monaco and Count Pierre de Polignac were married in a civil ceremony at Monte Carlo. The couple were joined in matrimony in a Roman Catholic service the following day, 20 March. The day before the civil wedding, on 18 March, Pierre de Polignac took the Grimaldi surname and became a Monegasque citizen. By virtue of marrying Charlotte, Pierre was titled as the Duke of Valentinois. Alas, this alliance between Charlotte and Pierre was not destined to end "<em>happily ever after</em>" for the parties involved. </div>
<div>
<div>
<div><a href="http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/108379649" target="_blank">Embed from Getty Images</a></div>
<div><iframe src="//embed.gettyimages.com/embed/108379649?et=RN-dxwUiRIlJqLs-LIcSkQ&tld=com&sig=soomY59N765QKr3CwOKEGxM-ke3bSc3AlhKpRDPlQDk=&caption=true&ver=2" width="594px" height="392px" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" data-ruffle-polyfilled=""></iframe></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>The Duke and Duchess of Valentinois welcomed their first child within nine months of their union. Princess Antoinette Louise Alberte Suzanne of Monaco was born on 28 December 1920 at Paris. Almost three years later, Charlotte and Pierre produced their second child and only son: Prince Rainier Louis Henri Maxence Bertrand of Monaco arrived at the Princely Palace in Monte Carlo on 31 May 1923. After the birth of their second and last child, Pierre and Charlotte's marriage foundered.<br><br></p>
<div>
<div>
<div><a href="http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/104402911" target="_blank">Embed from Getty Images</a></div>
<div><iframe src="//embed.gettyimages.com/embed/104402911?et=BsFqhqK1S-tlXMvs4O4KzA&tld=com&sig=34p2tiwoIGnKxALa9ziK7sbviwrSJa5V8oKAtcOsP-M=&caption=true&ver=2" width="594px" height="469px" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" data-ruffle-polyfilled=""></iframe></div>
</div>
</div>
<p><br>In March 1930, Princess Charlotte and Prince Pierre legally separated after a decade of not-so-wedded bliss. Former French president Raymond Poincaré acted as a mediator for the princely couple. Charlotte left her husband in favour of her lover, the Italian doctor Pietro Dalmazzo. In her case for a separation, Charlotte sought a division of the couple's marital property. In his followup to his wife's lawsuit, Pierre cited Charlotte's lover Dr Dalmazzo as a factor in the breakdown of the marriage. Pierre temporarily placed his children, Antoinette and Rainier, in the custody of Princess Henriette of Belgium, Duchess of Vendome. This infuriated Pierre's father-in-law Prince Louis II. In February 1933, the divorce between Hereditary Princess Charlotte of Monaco and Prince Pierre was officially announced by the princely palace in Monte Carlo. In a letter to her father, the princess wrote: "<em>All I ask is to be permitted to seek a peaceful life for myself. For reasons which have been clear for three years, I ask you to dissolve my marital ties and to grant me an absolute divorce.</em>" The dissolution of the couple's marriage "<em>led to unofficial indications of displeasure from the Vatican.</em>" As a condition of receiving the divorce, and in a stipulation that was only ratified years later, Charlotte gave up her succession rights so that her son Rainier would be the immediate heir of his grandpa Louis.<br><br></p>
<div>
<div>
<div><a href="http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/514948588" target="_blank">Embed from Getty Images</a></div>
<div><iframe src="//embed.gettyimages.com/embed/514948588?et=sR0RzkiCQZ5kd0WoiE4tDQ&tld=com&sig=IrxlvUtH-0PLtpP8nnrnTnEA0Uqwfy62j9R-AoE4KSw=&caption=true&ver=2" width="594px" height="585px" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" data-ruffle-polyfilled=""></iframe></div>
</div>
</div>
<div>On 9 May 1949, Prince Louis II of Monaco passed away at the age of seventy-eight. He was succeeded by his grandson, who became Prince Rainier III. Both Charlotte and Pierre attended the celebrations that marked their son's succession to the Monegasque throne. By this time, Charlotte had taken up residence at her family's Château de Marchais outside of Paris. Pierre was also a resident of his country of birth. </div>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="/https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Q-n3Dp3-W4c/XmB7_gfeEzI/AAAAAAAADBc/G5xjuPzWP2k-1s_w0NYqq2qetXcZb5H9QCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/img_0039.jpg"><img src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Q-n3Dp3-W4c/XmB7_gfeEzI/AAAAAAAADBc/G5xjuPzWP2k-1s_w0NYqq2qetXcZb5H9QCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/img_0039.jpg" alt="" width="510" height="640" border="0" data-original-height="852" data-original-width="679"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Prince Rainier, Princess Charlotte, Prince Pierre, and Princess Antoinette of Monaco in 1956.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div>The wedding of Prince Rainier was the last public occasion to reunite his parents. Charlotte and Pierre both attended the union of their son to the American actress Grace Patricia Kelly in April 1956. Rainier's nephew Baron Christian de Massy, the only son of Princess Antoinette, recounted the acrimonious goings-on between his grandparents during this family event in his memoirs:</div>
<blockquote><em>Some time after, when I was older, Aunt Grace told me that the royal wedding day and the whole period that preceded it were among the worst ordeals she had ever known. At the various official and unofficial occasions, the lunches, the dinners, and the other family gatherings, she was miserably aware of the tension that existed in most of the family, and especially between Charlotte and Polignac, who even carried on vicious arguments right in front of her and Uncle Rainier. At one point she heard Polignac say, in a deliberate slight to Charlotte, and referring to her illegitimate birth, "</em>At least my son married a <u>real</u> princess!<em>" Grace had naturally dreamed that her new parents-in-law would be pleasant and compatible; the fact that her mother-in-law was less than welcoming to her and that Mamou despised her own [ex-]husband was very painful to Grace, for whom family links were of primary importance. One of her first wishes was to make the difficult, quarrelling Grimaldis a family as united as hers. She now understood that this was impossible.</em></blockquote>
<div>
<div>
<div><a href="http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/3296775" target="_blank">Embed from Getty Images</a></div>
<div><iframe src="//embed.gettyimages.com/embed/3296775?et=jW_2p0uJRjFxLzCtTBPkRg&tld=com&sig=O06aQ4dBXaeuVLuYIDxgxP5bt0jW3q3cAmjcaEKGEkM=&caption=true&ver=2" width="442px" height="594px" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" data-ruffle-polyfilled=""></iframe></div>
</div>
</div>
<div>Several months after Rainier's wedding, in July 1956, Pierre underwent a 2 1/2 hour operation for a stomach ulcer in Charlottesville, Virginia.<br><br>On 10 November 1964, Prince Pierre of Monaco died of cancer at the American Hospital in Neuilly-sur-Seine. The prince had been an active patron of the arts. He was sixty-nine years-old. Rainier and Antoinette were at their father's bedside when he passed away. Pierre's former wife survived him by over a decade. Princess Charlotte of Monaco died on 15 November 1977 at the Château de Marchais. The princess had taken to rehabilitating ex-convicts on her estate. She was seventy-nine years-old. Both Charlotte and Pierre are buried at the Chapelle de la Paix in Monte Carlo. </div>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="/https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-QQ1iUgb6aeg/XmCHhBiLBAI/AAAAAAAADBo/qdN1F5NAU84NiYEj3pTRyNCSGAcdSin7wCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/a3a3e5bfb006f134974ccb3023b87dfa.jpg"><img src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-QQ1iUgb6aeg/XmCHhBiLBAI/AAAAAAAADBo/qdN1F5NAU84NiYEj3pTRyNCSGAcdSin7wCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/a3a3e5bfb006f134974ccb3023b87dfa.jpg" alt="" border="0" data-original-height="648" data-original-width="495"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Charlotte and Pierre.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><a title="Euro History Journal" href="https://eurohistoryjournal.blogspot.com" target="_blank"><img src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-0OMUjV7ocn4/XQ2qb8hlzQI/AAAAAAAABGw/mMSC1KS8Yl02jzUWLENzZeAYQ8rOkfkwQCK4BGAYYCw/s850/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-04-22%2Bat%2B11.47.40%2BAM-2.png" alt="Euro History Journal" width="413" height="100"></a></p>Maryamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04307942900246346735noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8800950975312332562.post-48368181170334316862022-09-20T19:46:00.000-07:002023-12-10T16:03:48.282-08:00 Luxembourg Hereditary Grand Ducal Pair Expecting Second Child!<div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-4514131351176345106" itemprop="description articleBody" style=""> <table class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxHQN24oIt2sr1aBIu1CpB8TRXbTGdsStP3nyO6xXsZBkDlH4ztM94K7Qzw-8vkCy8k37n5PUZc9XQ7CfYi8w_t5gGko3bBLBphfTw0aYbyg90ZWo7S07wLVwYA2SkSd3bQ36rZqouw2rhx3d4slP8eBruPIQFNwzDS5oUzmoJPTrCtlLW0N9_8tDy/s1600/IMG_FFC1EFC3D702-1.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><img data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxHQN24oIt2sr1aBIu1CpB8TRXbTGdsStP3nyO6xXsZBkDlH4ztM94K7Qzw-8vkCy8k37n5PUZc9XQ7CfYi8w_t5gGko3bBLBphfTw0aYbyg90ZWo7S07wLVwYA2SkSd3bQ36rZqouw2rhx3d4slP8eBruPIQFNwzDS5oUzmoJPTrCtlLW0N9_8tDy/w640-h426/IMG_FFC1EFC3D702-1.jpeg" style="" width="640" border="0" height="426"></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Hereditary Grand Duke Guillaume and Hereditary Grand Duchess Stéphanie.
Photo (c) Maison Grand Ducal / Sophie Margue.</td></tr></tbody></table><p>This morning the Grand Ducal Court is pleased to announce that Hereditary Grand Duchess Stéphanie of Luxembourg is expecting her second child. She and Hereditary Grand Duke Guillaume, who wed in 2012, welcomed their first child and son, Prince Charles, in 2020. The hereditary grand ducal couple anticipate their new arrival to be born in April 2023. </p><p><b><i>Our congratulations to the Grand Ducal House on this happy news!</i></b></p> <div style="clear: both;"></div> </div>
<p><a title="Euro History Journal" href="https://eurohistoryjournal.blogspot.com" target="_blank"><img src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-0OMUjV7ocn4/XQ2qb8hlzQI/AAAAAAAABGw/mMSC1KS8Yl02jzUWLENzZeAYQ8rOkfkwQCK4BGAYYCw/s850/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-04-22%2Bat%2B11.47.40%2BAM-2.png" alt="Euro History Journal" width="413" height="100"></a></p>Maryamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04307942900246346735noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8800950975312332562.post-66525532514933782122022-09-19T21:46:00.000-07:002023-12-13T03:38:41.652-08:00Prince Ferfried of Hohenzollern (1943-2022)<p> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizVj82ptoP8KDEYmP_YKWaO-YcCj02Z4wsgCyo1X4kgw9wRXUUuOzB0d6agWVJs4oF-nbKa2XNR-u08n-tcX0hI7gGLnx0Qezz03tZQsHMhZTdWT_2XBV0N1PvmK9-16sineKlhPdHBQirs9BNreiQ1HEErNsCRXHargHGIWm6z3EMdZqBSrffQ0YV/s326/2D44338C-BEFE-44BC-9E6F-10640F5D060B.jpeg"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizVj82ptoP8KDEYmP_YKWaO-YcCj02Z4wsgCyo1X4kgw9wRXUUuOzB0d6agWVJs4oF-nbKa2XNR-u08n-tcX0hI7gGLnx0Qezz03tZQsHMhZTdWT_2XBV0N1PvmK9-16sineKlhPdHBQirs9BNreiQ1HEErNsCRXHargHGIWm6z3EMdZqBSrffQ0YV/s16000/2D44338C-BEFE-44BC-9E6F-10640F5D060B.jpeg" alt="" border="0" data-original-height="326" data-original-width="262"></a></p>
<p>During the evening of 26 September/27 September, Prince Ferfried of Hohenzollern died at Großhadern Clinic in Munich. He was seventy-nine years-old. The late prince was an uncle of Fürst Karl Friedrich of Hohenzollern.</p>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJyYALBAD5ZnOQzm0vc25_xeoLu6-PyKcmLYKdckOBqEqKom7MHf4B7SrOI3rAlMCgE2MJ1gtVABvX-GR8sVJVLW-M_0hbMOqc7iuDlTq2YwkcUIsAN7nBIbDWCHj5QZydKZrvarJ8pId2qBLVenGKH-17aSjCp_LAZ9IDTE9iE5CibnuLvFvdOVfI/s700/00196635.jpg"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJyYALBAD5ZnOQzm0vc25_xeoLu6-PyKcmLYKdckOBqEqKom7MHf4B7SrOI3rAlMCgE2MJ1gtVABvX-GR8sVJVLW-M_0hbMOqc7iuDlTq2YwkcUIsAN7nBIbDWCHj5QZydKZrvarJ8pId2qBLVenGKH-17aSjCp_LAZ9IDTE9iE5CibnuLvFvdOVfI/w421-h640/00196635.jpg" alt="" width="421" height="640" border="0" data-original-height="700" data-original-width="461"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Prince Ferfried with his parents.<br>Photo (c) Seeger-Presse.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Born on 14 April 1943 at Schloß Umkirch, Prince Ferfried Maximilian Pius Meinrad Maria Hubert Michael Justinus of Hohenzollern was the seventh and youngest child of Fürst Friedrich of Hohenzollern (1891-1965) and Princess Margarethe of Saxony (1900-1962), who wed in 1920. Ferfried joined three older sisters and three older brothers: the twins Princess Benedikta (1921-2011; married Count Heinrich von Waldburg zu Wolfegg und Waldsee) and Princess Maria Adelgunde (1921-2006; married 1st Prince Konstantin of Bavaria; married 2nd Werner Hess; married 3rd Hans Huber), Princess Maria Theresia (1922-2004), Fürst Friedrich Wilhelm (1924-2010; married Princess Margarita of Leiningen), Prince Franz Josef (1926-1996; married 1st Princess Maria Ferdnanda of Thurn and Taxis; married 2nd Princess Diane of Bourbon-Parma), and Prince Johann Georg (1932-2016; married Princess Birgitta of Sweden).</p>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOe5MJsHRTc5pJj8Gd1Jlh3dWKYBcvnRbN7sbLiFKG8KRR_DiIJzvTbf0zUvQrUNuc__mtisqvi8SnF6qn1g1_oG1H_tfEtmIpPrqHgGHDTjnE2g6mi1h_DwEFeiR7Z1YgKhOHk7lUTLD6NpCA7xvdSlkhMJE6P__RUNTKmLZr9pQ7ajVlRDlai4TB/s700/00021338.jpg"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOe5MJsHRTc5pJj8Gd1Jlh3dWKYBcvnRbN7sbLiFKG8KRR_DiIJzvTbf0zUvQrUNuc__mtisqvi8SnF6qn1g1_oG1H_tfEtmIpPrqHgGHDTjnE2g6mi1h_DwEFeiR7Z1YgKhOHk7lUTLD6NpCA7xvdSlkhMJE6P__RUNTKmLZr9pQ7ajVlRDlai4TB/w410-h640/00021338.jpg" alt="" width="410" height="640" border="0" data-original-height="700" data-original-width="449"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Prince Ferfried and Princess Angela on their wedding day, 1968.<br>Photo (c) Seeger-Presse.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSIaUSsFVFlbXhVc2Pcq_dITDVGojyvKG2ImyI7KwF2b4qtkHDpS1Hud4T_RGtyilXytz8oxQEjOPC0XEPzgsReaPc01u0sEO_YCuKV2-F241LSLpehHyhowAoRlLic-f4uKsflwWcv99bpSSxniU1KrHzmw0P0iWqiTwlIoI2ciCFYBcGuSLMLEcu/s700/00021285.jpg"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSIaUSsFVFlbXhVc2Pcq_dITDVGojyvKG2ImyI7KwF2b4qtkHDpS1Hud4T_RGtyilXytz8oxQEjOPC0XEPzgsReaPc01u0sEO_YCuKV2-F241LSLpehHyhowAoRlLic-f4uKsflwWcv99bpSSxniU1KrHzmw0P0iWqiTwlIoI2ciCFYBcGuSLMLEcu/w430-h640/00021285.jpg" alt="" width="430" height="640" border="0" data-original-height="700" data-original-width="471"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Prince Ferfried and his second wife Eliane, 1985.<br>Photo (c) Seeger-Presse.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Prince Ferfried of Hohenzollern was married three times, each union was considered morganatic. On 21 September 1968 at Schloß Sigmaringen, the prince married Angela von Morgen (1942-2019). Ferfried and Angela had two daughters, Princess Valerie (b.1969; married Peter Brenske) and Princess Stephanie (b.1971; married 1st Count Hieronymus Wolff Metternich zur Gracht; married 2nd Martin Haag), before divorcing in 1973. In 1977, Prince Ferfried remarried to Eliane Etter (b.1947); the couple had two children, Princess Henriette (b.1978) and Prince Moritz (b.1980), after which the pair divorced in 1987. Lastly, and most notoriously, Prince Ferfried married model Maja Meinert (b.1971) in 1999 - the prince and mannequin divorced in 2007.</p>
<p><strong><em>May the Prince Rest in Peace.</em></strong></p>
<p><a title="Euro History Journal" href="https://eurohistoryjournal.blogspot.com" target="_blank"><img src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-0OMUjV7ocn4/XQ2qb8hlzQI/AAAAAAAABGw/mMSC1KS8Yl02jzUWLENzZeAYQ8rOkfkwQCK4BGAYYCw/s850/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-04-22%2Bat%2B11.47.40%2BAM-2.png" alt="Euro History Journal" width="413" height="100"></a></p>Maryamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04307942900246346735noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8800950975312332562.post-17435759813667911832022-09-18T09:46:00.000-07:002023-12-11T16:02:32.369-08:00A Princely Engagement: Prince Johann Wenzel of Liechtenstein and Countess Felicitas von Hartig<div>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAudICMKFSy9qSRb9gAeW40ZinG2df-JDdLtUSsDIrLsSvDuXRWoOf-kva4nIJG7TNT_HXPrcer9iIoS2AlOYUa12w_6ar2KjT9WFb_2_HUBNb16qrkVPKC5uC-eOZi7ADc2GMW5Hp3DQ0onS-lh_loTKgBAmFB7HdE12IxoATnUl-jjCn1fmJPHch/s334/9.jpg"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAudICMKFSy9qSRb9gAeW40ZinG2df-JDdLtUSsDIrLsSvDuXRWoOf-kva4nIJG7TNT_HXPrcer9iIoS2AlOYUa12w_6ar2KjT9WFb_2_HUBNb16qrkVPKC5uC-eOZi7ADc2GMW5Hp3DQ0onS-lh_loTKgBAmFB7HdE12IxoATnUl-jjCn1fmJPHch/s320/9.jpg" alt="" width="320" height="295" border="0" data-original-height="308" data-original-width="334"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Feli and Wenzel.<br>Photo (c) Prince Johann Wenzel von und zu Liechtenstein.<br>This image may be not reproduced without his permission.</strong></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p>Prince Johann Wenzel von und zu Liechtenstein and Countess Felicitas von Hartig are engaged! The kind couple shared the details of their engagement with royal reporters and writers, including me. This was very sweet of them.</p>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiedik67bxye24uChlPcSiDVWVdrJ76ws1q9xEx3NhoiCIShQ7YAY0Tg-WPsRfuCHQtlddY_lOuDoCjmoTHMwA7YS70NyP_j_g7wrH2qv45vX0_Is5Fx99rNvAbj5TeEGVCoEa08Ej6N-8klu9Zb52sw6zx4uJZgGnfDRz8-zYxE4P5Rk3hQeuSB7yD/s4032/11.jpg"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiedik67bxye24uChlPcSiDVWVdrJ76ws1q9xEx3NhoiCIShQ7YAY0Tg-WPsRfuCHQtlddY_lOuDoCjmoTHMwA7YS70NyP_j_g7wrH2qv45vX0_Is5Fx99rNvAbj5TeEGVCoEa08Ej6N-8klu9Zb52sw6zx4uJZgGnfDRz8-zYxE4P5Rk3hQeuSB7yD/w480-h640/11.jpg" alt="" width="480" height="640" border="0" data-original-height="4032" data-original-width="3024"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>The happy couple!<br>Photo (c) Prince Johann Wenzel von und zu Liechtenstein.<br>This image may be not reproduced without his permission.</strong></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>From Prince Wenzel: "<em>We are happy to announce that we got engaged on 25th of August 2022 during wonderful holidays in Sicily.</em>"</p>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHNUbiAcsy3bUMWuEW52uSbh0UOdyILB2Tp6Zu4kb3djV-GeZLUOZfzjJNgdmnAnLUZaU3Jq4WMVIuCGCUvf4lcYi43C16SiTUoYgokpcBv1wJJa4fwkzgTUbE1wjqiHfZYsphAFtLX7OtNdMszQJg6tnT7bUcOIBJAFqjtK3RO3n-Auous4yEpD-0/s1410/5.jpg"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHNUbiAcsy3bUMWuEW52uSbh0UOdyILB2Tp6Zu4kb3djV-GeZLUOZfzjJNgdmnAnLUZaU3Jq4WMVIuCGCUvf4lcYi43C16SiTUoYgokpcBv1wJJa4fwkzgTUbE1wjqiHfZYsphAFtLX7OtNdMszQJg6tnT7bUcOIBJAFqjtK3RO3n-Auous4yEpD-0/w582-h640/5.jpg" alt="" width="582" height="640" border="0" data-original-height="1410" data-original-width="1282"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Photo (c) Prince Johann Wenzel von und zu Liechtenstein.<br>This image may be not reproduced without his permission.</strong></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Countess Felicitas von Hartig, born on 10 April 1994, studied law in Vienna, Austria (Magistra Iuris). Now the countess is working for the Austrian Ministry of the Interior and is finishing her Art History degree on the side. She is the daughter of Count Lukas von Hartig (b.1964) and Countess Claudia von Hartig (b.1965; née Edle von Toperczer), who wed in 1993.</p>
<div><br>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWWWSQm7ZLBrNL8zaw-0eigqgpEl00lej2YOdbniP2m3aMBdu051B5emo6YNsVD84dUgdKiK155xt86LTGegQXXKms3g_QobW73rTCrYjvBgcFjNl5JRJE_huimgPU8HagCIcBroSBEFyjlL5HU8emO9965MjJxaRPc05nFgurmdOL0VtWxHEkCnn2/s4928/1-7.jpg"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWWWSQm7ZLBrNL8zaw-0eigqgpEl00lej2YOdbniP2m3aMBdu051B5emo6YNsVD84dUgdKiK155xt86LTGegQXXKms3g_QobW73rTCrYjvBgcFjNl5JRJE_huimgPU8HagCIcBroSBEFyjlL5HU8emO9965MjJxaRPc05nFgurmdOL0VtWxHEkCnn2/w424-h640/1-7.jpg" alt="" width="424" height="640" border="0" data-original-height="4928" data-original-width="3264"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Photo (c) Prince Johann Wenzel von und zu Liechtenstein.<br>This image may be not reproduced without his permission.</strong></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
Prince Johann-<em>Wenzel</em> von und zu Liechtenstein, born 16 March 1993, studied Politics and Economy in Montreal, Canada followed by one year at Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, United Kingdom, and two additional years with the Coldstream Guards. He finished his Masters in Agribusiness Management. Now the prince works with his father in Austria for the family business „Liechtenstein’sche Forst- und Gutsverwaltung“. Johann-Wenzel is the son of Prince Gundakar von und zu Liechtenstein (b.1949) and Princess Marie von und zu Liechtenstein (b.1959; née Princess d'Orléans), who wed in 1989. Prince Johann Wenzel is a great-grandson of the late Prince Henri and Princess Isabelle, Count and Countess of Paris.</div>
<div><br>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimWtZGuj9CCOf5ZoM6McZanj0FsEUjibh8zgMsl52zwGuQRz9c5tT6L1_Ji7aE0dK57WJHUG3PfA2f1YNBD9HzeaBA6hZUWT1j1UsyNCXO8rxMalFhRCR1KpCuePo7b9k8Rl7sU6KqYMTZnB80-z5pU-KR9C7QXPeGgbHvbiO5Qou4O9jnMcgifR05/s4032/8.jpg"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimWtZGuj9CCOf5ZoM6McZanj0FsEUjibh8zgMsl52zwGuQRz9c5tT6L1_Ji7aE0dK57WJHUG3PfA2f1YNBD9HzeaBA6hZUWT1j1UsyNCXO8rxMalFhRCR1KpCuePo7b9k8Rl7sU6KqYMTZnB80-z5pU-KR9C7QXPeGgbHvbiO5Qou4O9jnMcgifR05/w480-h640/8.jpg" alt="" width="480" height="640" border="0" data-original-height="4032" data-original-width="3024"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Photo (c) Prince Johann Wenzel von und zu Liechtenstein.<br>This image may be not reproduced without his permission.</strong></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
Johann Wenzel and Felicitas met at a party in 2012. The couple met again after many years in 2017 in London while Countess Felicitas was completing an internship at Sotheby’s and Prince Johann-Wenzel was fulfilling his service with the Coldstream Guards. After both having lived in Paris and Lisbon, the couple now live in Vienna.<br><br>The wedding is planned for summer 2023.</div>
<div><strong><em>Our congratulations to Johann Wenzel and Felicitas on their engagement!</em></strong></div>
<p><a title="Euro History Journal" href="https://eurohistoryjournal.blogspot.com" target="_blank"><img src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-0OMUjV7ocn4/XQ2qb8hlzQI/AAAAAAAABGw/mMSC1KS8Yl02jzUWLENzZeAYQ8rOkfkwQCK4BGAYYCw/s850/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-04-22%2Bat%2B11.47.40%2BAM-2.png" alt="Euro History Journal" width="413" height="100"></a></p>Maryamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04307942900246346735noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8800950975312332562.post-12657939342961646932022-09-17T04:46:00.000-07:002023-12-11T16:32:06.085-08:00Thank You, Ma'am.<p> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiI55tRthFaVOfGWdNjL5GqEHTcKEQzW1lyCqL-yH8G0HBrIRe1gCX5WCirc713BH3ZSHFa41zw7zffg7YajqJ6pf8UgWaqvzs73ywFi5gyt-K8iIa9VsbOa7nebdVQQsNN6NKkubMtyGps0GGENN9XD1WQopdqI1wA6GmkfttCpuKEYcLvuevYQubn/s2048/Fc9-RcUXgAEgljY.jpeg"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiI55tRthFaVOfGWdNjL5GqEHTcKEQzW1lyCqL-yH8G0HBrIRe1gCX5WCirc713BH3ZSHFa41zw7zffg7YajqJ6pf8UgWaqvzs73ywFi5gyt-K8iIa9VsbOa7nebdVQQsNN6NKkubMtyGps0GGENN9XD1WQopdqI1wA6GmkfttCpuKEYcLvuevYQubn/w484-h640/Fc9-RcUXgAEgljY.jpeg" alt="" width="484" height="640" border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1546"></a></p>
<p>"Thus it hath pleased Almighty God to take out of this transitory life unto His Divine Mercy the late Most High, Most Mighty, and Most Excellent Monarch, Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith, and Sovereign of the Most Noble Order of the Garter."</p>
<div>- The Garter King of Arms</div>
<div><strong><em>Rest in Peace, Your Majesty.</em></strong></div>
<p><a title="Euro History Journal" href="https://eurohistoryjournal.blogspot.com" target="_blank"><img src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-0OMUjV7ocn4/XQ2qb8hlzQI/AAAAAAAABGw/mMSC1KS8Yl02jzUWLENzZeAYQ8rOkfkwQCK4BGAYYCw/s850/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-04-22%2Bat%2B11.47.40%2BAM-2.png" alt="Euro History Journal" width="413" height="100"></a></p>Maryamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04307942900246346735noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8800950975312332562.post-83898815821515155402022-09-15T23:46:00.000-07:002023-12-10T16:00:24.165-08:00The Late Queen's Royal Grandchildren Pay Tribute to Their Grandmother<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzn8NDXkhkhzdufd-UckYSJd-v5OGYisTT8ku8BDf4v9BGFIp2N1ehxeL3VbD0gRIjuH1ia442bLNEOdv91qCp7DQ-unQx0gBHod1gajCx20DsKQxvw7hcrC-ex6it0GGQmkdm4L4PU_1EjUYGrg1LGjkuojeJKKLJP5og0bKdvn5W3g0DcC-Izja9/s1200/IMG_6737.JPG"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzn8NDXkhkhzdufd-UckYSJd-v5OGYisTT8ku8BDf4v9BGFIp2N1ehxeL3VbD0gRIjuH1ia442bLNEOdv91qCp7DQ-unQx0gBHod1gajCx20DsKQxvw7hcrC-ex6it0GGQmkdm4L4PU_1EjUYGrg1LGjkuojeJKKLJP5og0bKdvn5W3g0DcC-Izja9/w400-h400/IMG_6737.JPG" alt="" width="400" height="400" border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1200"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>HM The Queen.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><br>Since the death of Queen Elizabeth II on 8 September, her children and grandchildren have shared poignant memories of their grandmother, who also happened to be the Monarch. The homages given by Her Majesty's royal grandchildren (HRH The Prince of Wales, HRH The Duke of Sussex, HRH Princess Beatrice, and HRH Princess Beatrice) have been publicly released and are provided below.</p>
<p><strong>+++++++</strong></p>
<p><strong>The Tribute of HRH The Prince of Wales</strong></p>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhz_AsibmXAAdnc7oyEZyJ-_bLGDycCr6f3I6nK2K9mdKY3e81rQiYtZSBd1lOlWv5B0vobbjAkeHMoPEaz8yUQr4vnHNySG26Irx_j2PT3GBKZvxG93IYfUgkftz5t4ud1FN4mYiyEg4ctyPKmA2ggMjJu2YeM-BlVC7XUkvBWUDvjmxBggJVz8K_h/s612/IMG_6986.jpg"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhz_AsibmXAAdnc7oyEZyJ-_bLGDycCr6f3I6nK2K9mdKY3e81rQiYtZSBd1lOlWv5B0vobbjAkeHMoPEaz8yUQr4vnHNySG26Irx_j2PT3GBKZvxG93IYfUgkftz5t4ud1FN4mYiyEg4ctyPKmA2ggMjJu2YeM-BlVC7XUkvBWUDvjmxBggJVz8K_h/s16000/IMG_6986.jpg" alt="" border="0" data-original-height="470" data-original-width="612"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>The now Prince of Wales with his grandmother, Queen Elizabeth II.<br>Photo (c) Getty Images / Max Mumby / Indigo.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBf4SRsAm1ezIAoufrEilXX4zE-3ZfptFYeGvJENPHvmy2NWB_Hup60_Z_Ho-N51EuhJbdQHuaD4lYXK_qduB7bH4Uj9Tk_9rWdWjgmDBcjoNuBw90sa1hz03vaitkjItmeGcd6WiSO7zeb1v47f3X_a73myTYkwfTdt5LfcpYww_ZZU7B7-JYsPDe/s1350/IMG_6976.JPG"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBf4SRsAm1ezIAoufrEilXX4zE-3ZfptFYeGvJENPHvmy2NWB_Hup60_Z_Ho-N51EuhJbdQHuaD4lYXK_qduB7bH4Uj9Tk_9rWdWjgmDBcjoNuBw90sa1hz03vaitkjItmeGcd6WiSO7zeb1v47f3X_a73myTYkwfTdt5LfcpYww_ZZU7B7-JYsPDe/w512-h640/IMG_6976.JPG" alt="" width="512" height="640" border="0" data-original-height="1350" data-original-width="1080"></a></div>
<div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitBScnXmAXrlYx-TbK5O1hBb6Q6ZeuF5KILYQ5lPNuJE7rRDXYOc-UslRV2Wy9hc2vHixUdm1TE57IP_8p4YoZD0TaIx2x078fFl5p82lUrBDR1FY76zpzfjkr7fjNKAeaHagJ1sZCYH1DNphVBGiUkE4xdPZksHrfTV0iyecn8OGTJVLOyAbUyqCj/s1350/IMG_6977.JPG"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitBScnXmAXrlYx-TbK5O1hBb6Q6ZeuF5KILYQ5lPNuJE7rRDXYOc-UslRV2Wy9hc2vHixUdm1TE57IP_8p4YoZD0TaIx2x078fFl5p82lUrBDR1FY76zpzfjkr7fjNKAeaHagJ1sZCYH1DNphVBGiUkE4xdPZksHrfTV0iyecn8OGTJVLOyAbUyqCj/w512-h640/IMG_6977.JPG" alt="" width="512" height="640" border="0" data-original-height="1350" data-original-width="1080"></a></div>
<p><strong>+++++++</strong></p>
<p><strong>The Tribute of HRH The Duke of Sussex</strong></p>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijEbvQNGtcMc_E7ixFh2d1nhxaDfDKKskeR8y9iLYwTvjoOv9OZyCnJSmS4V6YnpRhNkEYUlNzKwzHH5waXHMVZkwrU3nIPXBmckhoIQ4IkLXIZdF48IcOijz36oRoLsEybXcl_Uipv-Q48UW6ryP25yYTviKWmAVvRb3Xy0qFbM_Q97t6nW1hqqkf/s612/IMG_6985.jpg"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijEbvQNGtcMc_E7ixFh2d1nhxaDfDKKskeR8y9iLYwTvjoOv9OZyCnJSmS4V6YnpRhNkEYUlNzKwzHH5waXHMVZkwrU3nIPXBmckhoIQ4IkLXIZdF48IcOijz36oRoLsEybXcl_Uipv-Q48UW6ryP25yYTviKWmAVvRb3Xy0qFbM_Q97t6nW1hqqkf/s16000/IMG_6985.jpg" alt="" border="0" data-original-height="469" data-original-width="612"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Queen Elizabeth and her grandson the Duke of Sussex.<br>Photo (c) Getty Images / WPA Pool.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHRkQhDEORDLd3V3K-1ffQjq1x0VVtSXHDYDPlcoBDdGW6kMQqgukTEUlQpw6bt60qvRGvzc2_WjzkV2OoFpTwnBzVy82irr2CJR2mF08e4z2JmBf4KY3DKoJfqyLlV6eDk9ne8nWSv8C6wJR8ck6jlUp9ptAntRUB-eh3x8voyoSNcI2Oh7L25-KS/s1005/IMG_6978.JPG"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHRkQhDEORDLd3V3K-1ffQjq1x0VVtSXHDYDPlcoBDdGW6kMQqgukTEUlQpw6bt60qvRGvzc2_WjzkV2OoFpTwnBzVy82irr2CJR2mF08e4z2JmBf4KY3DKoJfqyLlV6eDk9ne8nWSv8C6wJR8ck6jlUp9ptAntRUB-eh3x8voyoSNcI2Oh7L25-KS/w624-h640/IMG_6978.JPG" alt="" width="624" height="640" border="0" data-original-height="1005" data-original-width="981"></a></div>
<p><strong>+++++++</strong></p>
<p><strong>The Tribute of TRH Princess Beatrice and Princess Eugenie</strong></p>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLd5qAOgJKZ6wDp3eWJpLj0h667jxvALvq0own7oaXppBj-z4Z-GHJW7Y-UW4ftN5-2X0TfhZcyuvwOvX76IPNprVnXCh-MtvLSh9vVScuQdKeKgaZ_Zwq4kgy766PWQNDHStqTNiujMADfkKOouGcuSPlsBvCF6Ng--y2x_U-oHxVssQfpyquks-B/s612/IMG_6983.jpg"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLd5qAOgJKZ6wDp3eWJpLj0h667jxvALvq0own7oaXppBj-z4Z-GHJW7Y-UW4ftN5-2X0TfhZcyuvwOvX76IPNprVnXCh-MtvLSh9vVScuQdKeKgaZ_Zwq4kgy766PWQNDHStqTNiujMADfkKOouGcuSPlsBvCF6Ng--y2x_U-oHxVssQfpyquks-B/s16000/IMG_6983.jpg" alt="" border="0" data-original-height="612" data-original-width="305"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>The Queen with her granddaughter Princess Beatrice.<br>Photo (c) Getty Images / Chris Radburn / PA Images.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgd4WQIo8JEEViduci6rtH4I9H24Yd1y-FHQijRcPaU-f4BWPNv-_jdY8VdU9g6OYSjloSwSgPm9yEC9u4ICzPBSELUvr4qIt_kNUL3O53IV9kClMS4Xt7EHnf_AVOLPIXCCWkVagrLh29xLP5kaJRCs6eI_nbjlJgq_u5pk5pxhjOHo68w7pUveSJG/s612/IMG_6984.jpg"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgd4WQIo8JEEViduci6rtH4I9H24Yd1y-FHQijRcPaU-f4BWPNv-_jdY8VdU9g6OYSjloSwSgPm9yEC9u4ICzPBSELUvr4qIt_kNUL3O53IV9kClMS4Xt7EHnf_AVOLPIXCCWkVagrLh29xLP5kaJRCs6eI_nbjlJgq_u5pk5pxhjOHo68w7pUveSJG/s16000/IMG_6984.jpg" alt="" border="0" data-original-height="612" data-original-width="416"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>The Queen with her granddaughter Princess Eugenie.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrWE3jW5wdagr2uO8sB8ZCN8-E5_kuJ4c7QFoZOKnOj9dcc53Nl1lk-K9VULCCGS-0v3chbovlWt2jp_0l8kwP_vpmsA5HkxOPIsUewSCGQG2RWkQcAx_jkomHYKrsjj2akiSYx0RpsmTxEOey48rVm-6nE9CDr50gTNmkbsNqXCP4VJvaavY53qyx/s790/IMG_6975%202.JPG"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrWE3jW5wdagr2uO8sB8ZCN8-E5_kuJ4c7QFoZOKnOj9dcc53Nl1lk-K9VULCCGS-0v3chbovlWt2jp_0l8kwP_vpmsA5HkxOPIsUewSCGQG2RWkQcAx_jkomHYKrsjj2akiSYx0RpsmTxEOey48rVm-6nE9CDr50gTNmkbsNqXCP4VJvaavY53qyx/w608-h640/IMG_6975%202.JPG" alt="" width="608" height="640" border="0" data-original-height="790" data-original-width="750"></a></div>
<p><a title="Euro History Journal" href="https://eurohistoryjournal.blogspot.com" target="_blank"><img src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-0OMUjV7ocn4/XQ2qb8hlzQI/AAAAAAAABGw/mMSC1KS8Yl02jzUWLENzZeAYQ8rOkfkwQCK4BGAYYCw/s850/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-04-22%2Bat%2B11.47.40%2BAM-2.png" alt="Euro History Journal" width="413" height="100"></a></p>Maryamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04307942900246346735noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8800950975312332562.post-38299946573258884592021-09-15T03:46:00.000-07:002023-12-13T03:59:20.462-08:00 Princess Maryam Begum of Afghanistan (1936-2021)<div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-621441066836070818" itemprop="description articleBody" style=""> <table class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhdyg1tPyFSnjjcgt3TI0DTgW2k2tQcA5MVq1qv6SlNv2pFLjG7XXiFuQEbK-glQVYNGpTAO1iYYEAaspdYgO98w9yeXfywcvjX1AXbO3MH2MCf2QZVYfEby_bWtG5mkj4Ry1kNBhy0AwzGj-tkLqCWXENo5oBHKA4RnRrF93jmxJjmDrVtfWc6sPmV=s745" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img data-original-height="375" data-original-width="745" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhdyg1tPyFSnjjcgt3TI0DTgW2k2tQcA5MVq1qv6SlNv2pFLjG7XXiFuQEbK-glQVYNGpTAO1iYYEAaspdYgO98w9yeXfywcvjX1AXbO3MH2MCf2QZVYfEby_bWtG5mkj4Ry1kNBhy0AwzGj-tkLqCWXENo5oBHKA4RnRrF93jmxJjmDrVtfWc6sPmV=w400-h201" style="" width="400" border="0" height="201"></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Princess Maryam with an Afghan nurse, 1960s.</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Over the weekend, it was announced that Princess Maryam Begum of Afghanistan had passed away on 25 December. She was eighty-five years-old. Born on 2 November 1936, Princess Maryam was the fourth child and second daughter of King Mohammed Zahir Shah of Afghanistan (1914-2007) and Queen Humaira Begum (1918-2002), who wed in 1931. The princess was educated at the Malali School in Kabul. In 1960, Princess Maryam married Professor Muhammad Aziz Khan Naim (1935-1978). The couple had one son, Nadir Khan Naim (b.1965). The princess is survived by her son and her death is mourned by the Afghan royal family.</p><p><i><b>May Princess Maryam Rest in Peace. </b></i></p><p>Sources:</p><p><a href="https://www.khabaronline.ir/news/1586406/دختر-آخرین-پادشاه-افغانستان-درگذشت-عکس">https://www.khabaronline.ir/news/1586406/دختر-آخرین-پادشاه-افغانستان-درگذشت-عکس</a>
</p><p><a href="https://www.royalark.net/Afghanistan/telai2.htm">https://www.royalark.net/Afghanistan/telai2.htm</a>
</p> <div style="clear: both;"></div> </div>
<p><a title="Euro History Journal" href="https://eurohistoryjournal.blogspot.com" target="_blank"><img src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-0OMUjV7ocn4/XQ2qb8hlzQI/AAAAAAAABGw/mMSC1KS8Yl02jzUWLENzZeAYQ8rOkfkwQCK4BGAYYCw/s850/Screen%2BShot%2B2018-04-22%2Bat%2B11.47.40%2BAM-2.png" alt="Euro History Journal" width="413" height="100"></a></p>Maryamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04307942900246346735noreply@blogger.com0